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Whole body terms
Chapter 4
Question | Answer |
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abdominal cavity | the cavity beneath the thoracic cavity. contains the liver, gallbladder, spleen, stomach, pancreas, intestines, and kidneys |
anaplasia | a change in the structure and orientation of cells, characterized by a loss of differentation and reversion to a more primitive form |
anatomical position | The standard reference position for the body as a whole; the person is standing with arms at the sides and palms turned forward; the individual's head and feet are also pointing forward |
anterior | pertainging to the front of the body or toward the belly of the body |
aplasia | a developmental failure resulting in the absence of any organ or tissue |
cardiac muscle | the muscle that makes up the muscular wall of the heart |
caudal | pertainging to the tail |
cell | the smallest and most numerous structural unit of living together |
cell membrane | the semipermeable barrier that is the outer covering of a cell |
cervical vertebrae | C1-C7 |
chromosomes | the threadlike structures within the nucleus that control the functions of growth, repair, and reproduction for the body |
coccyx | tailbone |
connective tissue | tissue that supports and binds other body tissue parts |
cranial cavity | cavity that contains the brain |
cytology | the study of cells |
distal | away from or farthest from the trunk of the body |
dorsal | pertaining to the back |
dysplasia | any abnormal development of tissues or organs |
epigastric region | the region of the adbomen located between the right and left hyopchondriac regions in the upper section of the abdomen |
epithelial tissue | tissue that covers the internal and external organs of the body |
frontal plane | vertical planes passing through the body from the head to the feet; dividing the body into front and back |
genes | segments of chromosomes that transmit hereditary characteristics |
histologist | a medical scientist who specializes in the study of tissue |
hyperplasia | an increase in the number of cells of a body part |
hypogastric region | the middle section of the lower abdomen beneath the umbilical region |
hypoplasia | incomplete or underdeveloped organ or tissue |
inferior | below or downward toward the tail or feet |
inguinal region | the right and left regions of the lower sections of the abdomen |
lateral | toward the side of the body away from the midline of the body |
lumbar region | the right and left regions of the middle section of the abdomen |
McBurneys point | a point on the right side of the abdomen about two-thirds of the distance between the umbilicus and the anterior bony prominence of the hip |
medial | toward the midline of the body |
mediolateral | pertaining to the middle and side of a structure |
midline of the body | body is divided into equal right and left halves |
mitochondria | cell organs, provide the energy needed by the cell |
muscle tissue | tissue capable of producing movement of the parts and organs of the body by contracting and relaxing its fibers |
navel | umbilicus; the belly button |
neoplasia | new and abnormal |
nervous tissue | tissue thats transmits impulses throughout the body |
nucleus | central controlling body within a living cell |
pelvic cavity | lower front cavity of the body located beneath the abdominal cavity |
peritoneum | a specific serous membrane that covers the entire abdominal wall of the body |
plane | imaginary slices or cuts made through the body |
plantar | pertaining tot he sole or bottom of the foot |
posterior | pertaining tot he back of the body |
prone | lying face down on the abdomen |
proximal | toward of nearest to the trunk of the body |
sacrum | singular triangle shaped bone |
skeletal muscle | muscle that is attached to the bone |
smooth muscle | muscle found in the walls of the hollow internal organs |
superfical | pertaining to the surface of the body |
superior | above or upward toward the head |
supination | a movement that allows the palms of the hands to turn upward or forward |
supine | lying horizontally on the back, faceup |
thoracic cavity | chest cavity; contains the lungs, heart, aorta,esophagus and trachea |
tissue | group of cells |
transverse plane | dividing the body into superior and inferior portions |
umbilical region | the region of the abdomen located in the middle section of the abdomen |
umbilicus | navel; belly button |
ventral | front; belly side |
visceral | internal organs |
visceral muscles | smooth muscle |