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Ch 13 Ecosystems
Levels of Organization & Energy Flow w/in an ecosystem
Question | Answer |
---|---|
levels of organization within the living world | organism, populations, communities, ecosystems, biomes, biosphere. |
population | All of the individuals of a given species in a specific area or region at a certain time. |
members of a population compete for | food, water, space, and mates. |
community | All the different populations in a specific area or region at a certain time |
___ involve many types of interactions among populations | communities |
ecosystem | One or more communities in an area and the abiotic factors |
abiotic factors | nonliving parts of an ecosystem |
examples of abiotic factors | water, sunlight, air, temperature, and soil |
biomes | Individual ecosystems grouped together according to the climate and the predominant vegetation |
habitat | The place where an organism lives in order to obtain its food, water, shelter and other things needed for survival |
niche | The particular role of an organism in its environment including type of food it eats, how it obtains its food and how it interacts with other organisms |
energy roles | determined by how the organism obtains its energy and how they interact with other organisms in the environment |
examples of energy roles | producer, consumer, or decomposer |
consumer | an organism that obtains energy by feeding on other organisms |
producer | an organism that can make its own food |
decomposer | organisms that break down wastes and dead organisms and return the raw materials to the environment |
food chains | Use pictures or words and arrows to show the movement of energy through the trophic levels of organisms |
trophic level | indicates the position that an organism occupies in the food chain—what it eats and what eats it. |
food webs | Describe the organisms found in interconnecting food chains using pictures or words and arrows |
energy pyramid | Show the amount of energy that moves from one trophic level to another in a food chain |
The most energy is available at the ___ level of the pyramid | producer |
Energy availability ___ as it moves up the energy pyramid | decreases |
population density | the number of organisms in a given amount of space |
birth | main way that organisms are added to a population |
birth rate | the number of births in a population during a certain amount of time |
death | the main way that organisms leave a population |
death rate | the number of deaths in a population during a certain amount of time |
immigration | when organisms move into a population from another environment |
emigration | when part of a population leaves the environment |
limiting factors | affect the number of organisms an environment can supoort |
examples of limiting factors | climate, availability of food, water, space, and shelter |
carrying capacity | the maximum number of organisms that can survive in a particular ecosystem |
climate | refers to the temperature and amount of rainfall in a particular environment |