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What maintains the volume and composition of body fluids?
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Which of the following is FALSE regarding water balance and the gastrointestinal tract?
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Res 140 Ex 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What maintains the volume and composition of body fluids? | I. Filtration and reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys. II. Regulation of water balance by vasopressin (ADH). A) I and II |
| Which of the following is FALSE regarding water balance and the gastrointestinal tract? | D) The gastrointestinal tract is responsible for the most sensible fluid loss. |
| Which of the following drugs can be used to temporarily lower K+ in severe hyperkalemia? | B) Insulin |
| About how much additional fluid does an adult lose for each degree of temperature above 99° F that persists for 24 hours? | B) 1000 ml |
| Clinical symptoms of hyponatremia would NOT include which of the following? | B) Bradycardia |
| The combination of red blood cells in plasma is a good example of what? | D) Suspension |
| Signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia would NOT include which of the following? | C) Metabolic alkalosis |
| You add 50 ml of water to 150 ml of a 6% solution. What is the new concentration? | B) 4.5% |
| Where is most of the Mg 2+ found in the body? | C) In the cells |
| Gas transport in the body is most affected by changes in which of the following variables? | A) Ambient pressure. |
| If airway humidification is inadequate, a patient with a tracheostomy can have additional water losses as high as what level? | D) 700 ml/day |
| Positive ions are referred to as what? | B) Cations |
| By what process is water replenished? | II. Ingestion III. Metabolism C) II and III |
| Which of the following correctly describes a facet of chloride? | C) Cl- levels vary inversely with HCO3- levels. |
| What is the affect of osmotic pressure on solutions of different solute concentrations, separated by a semipermeable membrane? | B) Equal distribution of solvent |
| In which of the following types of solutions is the relationship of solute to solvent expressed as a proportion? | C) Ratio |
| What is a common cause for pulmonary edema due to increased hydrostatic pressure? | C) Failing left ventricle |
| A solution holding the maximum amount of solute in a given volume at a constant temperature is said to be what? | C) Saturated |
| An adult’s insensible water through the lungs averages what level? | B) 200 ml/day |
| What is a normal K+ blood level? | A) 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L. |
| If a patient’s pH were to drop from 7.40 to 7.10, the H+ concentration will increase by how much? | A) x2 |
| What cation is the most prominent in the intracellular compartment? | B) K+ |
| Which answer best describes the relationship between K+ movement and acid-base balance? | A) Excess extracellular H+ ions are exchanged for intracellular K+. |
| What is the average urine output in a healthy adult? | C) 1000 to 1200 ml/day |
| What type of solution could have 1 mol of solute per L of solution? | B) Molar |
| Hypokalemia disturbs cellular function in ALL but one of the following systems. Which one does it NOT affect? | B) Hepatic |
| What are the main intracellular electrolytes? | I. K+ III. Phosphate IV. Sulfate A) I, III, and IV |
| Clinical manifestations of hypocalcemia would NOT include which of the following? | B) Depressed tendon reflexes |
| Which patients are prone to K+ depletion and hypokalemia? | I. Postsurgical patients II. Those with renal disease III. Trauma victims D) I, II, and III |
| Which of following is NOT a nonhydroxide base? | D) Ammonium |
| The most important physiological characteristic of solutions is their ability to exert pressure. | A) True |
| What is the attractive force of solute particles in a concentrated solution? | D) Osmotic pressure |
| What is the smallest fluid subcompartment of extracellular water? | D) Transcellular |
| Which of the following is NOT a major extracellular electrolyte? | C) K+ |
| What is the normal serum calcium concentration? | B) 8.7 to 10.4 mg/dl |
| What is the role of kidneys when a patient experiences acute respiratory alkalosis? | B) HCO3- is eliminated in the urine. |
| What is a stable mixture of two or more evenly dispersed substances? | C) Solution |
| What is a normal range for serum sodium? | D) 136.0 to 145.0 mEq/L |
| Clinical signs of hypokalemia would NOT include which of the following? | A) Convulsions |
| During recovery from a serious surgery or trauma, how much water is likely to be produced in a 24-hour period by the catabolism of fat and proteins? | D) 1000 ml |
| Which of the following are true regarding water in the human body? | II. Total body water depends on an individual’s weight and sex. III. Water constitutes about 45% to 80% of an individual’s body weight. D) II and III |
| What type of solution could have 1 gEq of solute per L of solution? | C) Normal |
| In which of the following solutions do the molecules of solute remain intact? | C) Nonpolar covalent |
| Intracellular water represents about what proportion of total body water? | D) 2/3 |
| Pick the correct statement as it relates to hemoglobin and acid-base buffering. | B) Deoxygenated hemoglobin is a fairly strong base. |
| Na+ reabsorption in the kidneys is governed mainly by the level of what hormone? | B) Aldosterone |
| What is the most common cause of hyperkalemia? | C) Renal failure |
| An adult’s insensible water loss averages what level? | D) 900 ml/day |
| Which of the following describes an aspect of pH? | A) Any solution with a pH of 7 is neutral. |
| How is the gram-equivalent (gEq) weight of a substance computed? | A) Dividing its gram atomic weight by its valence. |
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