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regions or areas of subcutaneous swelling caused by an allergic reaction to food or drugs
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complete cessation of urinary secretion by the kidneys; aka anuresis
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Urinary Pathologies

Chapter 16 Urinary System and Venipuncture

QuestionAnswer
regions or areas of subcutaneous swelling caused by an allergic reaction to food or drugs angioedema
complete cessation of urinary secretion by the kidneys; aka anuresis anuria
presence of bacteria in the urine bacteriuria
contraction of the bronchi and bronchiolar muscles, producing restriction of air passages bronchospasm
an agent that increases excretion of urine diuretic
fecal matter in the urine fecaluria
glucose in the urine glucosuria
blood in the urine hematuria
closure of the glottic aperture within the glottic opening of the larynx laryngospasm
brand name for a diuretic lasix
a therapeutic technique that uses sound waves to shatter large kidney stones into small particles that can be passed lithotripsy
the act of voiding or urination micturation
excessive downward movement of the kidney when erect nephroptosis
excretion of a diminished amount of urine in relation to fluid intake, usually defined as less than 400 ml per 24 hours oliguria
presence of gas in the urine, usually as the result of a fistula between the bladder and the intestine pneumouria
passage of a large volume of urine in relation to fluid intake during a given period polyuria
the presence of excessive serum proteins in the urine proteinuria
absence of formation of a kidney renal agenesis
the inability of a kidney to excrete metabolites at normal plasma levels, or the inability to retain electroloytes under conditions of normal intake renal failure
results from a wide variety of conditions and may require hemodialysis or transplantation chronic renal failure
the inability to void, which may be due to obstruction in the urethra or lack of sensation to urinate retention
an excess in the blood of urea, creatinine, and other nitrogenous end products of protein and amino acid metabolism uremia
an eruption of hives often caused by hypersensitivity to food or drugs urticaria
an enlargement of the prostate that generally begins in the fifth decade of life. may cause urethral compression and obstruction. Beningn prostatic hyperplasia
stones that form in the urinary bladder. bladder calculi
a tumor that is three times more common in males than females. causes hematuria and frequent urination. bladder carcinoma
structural or chemical imperfections or alterations present at birth. congenital anomalies
involves two ureters and/or the renal pelvis originating from the same kidney duplication of ureter and renal pelvis
describes a normal kidney that fails to ascend into the abdomen but rather remains in t he pelvis. this type of kidney has a shorter than normal ureter. ectopic kidney
occurs as a fusion of the kidneys during development of the fetus. horseshoe kidney
abnormal rotation of the kidney that is evident when the renal pelvis is turned from a medial to an anterior or posterior direction malrotation
an inflammation of the urinary bladder caused by a bacterial or fungal infection. more common in females because of the shorter urethra that more readily permits retrograde passage of bacteria into the bladder. cystitis
inflammation of the capillary loops of the glomeruli of the kidneys glomerulonephritis
disorder marked by cysts scattered throughout one or both kidneys. most common cause of enlarged kidneys. polycystic kidney disease
calcifications that occur in the luminal aspect of the urinary tract renal calculi
large stone that grows and completely fills the renal pelvis, blocking the flow of urine staghorn calculus
most frequent type of malignant tumor of the kidney renal cell carcinoma (hypernephroma)
distention of the renal pelvis and calyces of the kidneys that results from some obstruction or the ureters or renal pelvis. hydronephrosis
an inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis caused by pyogenic bacteria. pyelonephritis
increased blood pressure to the kidney through the renal artery due to atherosclerosis. renal hypertension
a fistula that forms between the urinary bladder and rectum or aspects of the colon. vesicoretal fistula
scout demonstrates abnormal calcifications that may be urinary calculi. after injection, the AP projection may demonstrate signs of obstruction, hydronephrosis, tumor, or infection. AP projection (scout and series): intravenous (excretory) urography
nephrogram or nephrotomogram demonstrates conditions and trauma to the renal parenchyma. renal cysts and/or adrenal masses may be demonstrated during this phase of the IVU. nephrotomogram and nephrogram: intravenous (excretory) urography
signs of infection, trauma, and obstruction of the elevated kidney are shown. also demonstrates trauma or obstruction of the downside ureter. RPO and LPO positions: intravenous (excretory) urography
position may demonstrate enlarged prostate (possible BPH) or prolapse of the bladder. the erect position demonstrates nephrotosis (abnormal positional change of kidneys). AP projection: intravenous (excretory) urography. postvoid
pyelonephritis and other conditions involving the collecting system of the kidney are shown. AP projection: intravenous (excretory) urography. ureteric compression
signs of cystitis, obstruction, vesicoureteral reflux, and bladder calculi are visualized. lateral demonstrates possible fistulas between bladder and uterus or rectum. AP projection. LPO and RPO positions. Lateral position (optinal): cystography
functional study of the urinary bladder and urethra determines cause of urinary retention and evaluates for possible vesicoureteral reflux. RPO (30) position- male. AP projection- female: voiding cystourethrography
Created by: T-Dubb
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