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Soil & Resources
Soil & Earth's Resources notes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Soil is one of the most valuable ___ factors in an ecosystem because everything that lives on land depends directly or indirectly on soil | abiotic |
| Soil quality properties that can be observed | soil profile, composition, texture, and particle size |
| Soil profile | made up of the layers or horizons of soil |
| 3 layers that make up a mature soil profile | topsoil, subsoil, and parent material above the bedrock |
| The most suitable soil for plant growth consists of a mixture of ___, ___, and ___ | humus, clay, minerals |
| Most animals live in the ___ horizon | topsoil |
| composition of soil | a mixture of rock particles, minerals, decayed organic material, air, and water |
| humus | decayed organic matter in soil |
| The combination of sand, silt, and clay in soil determines the soil type and affects the types of ___ that can grow in it or ___ that can live in it | plants, animals |
| factors that may affect soil type | the types of plants, climate, time, and slope of the land |
| soil ___ depends on the size of individual soil particles and is determined by the relative proportions of particle sizes that make up the soil | texture |
| Texture names may include loam, sandy clay loam, silt loam, or clay depending upon the ___ of sand, silt, and clay in the soil sample | percent |
| The texture affects the amount of ___ that can be absorbed for use by plants and animals | water |
| Particle size of soil from largest to smallest | gravel, sand, silt, and clay |
| Gravel | soil particles larger than 2mm |
| ___ size also affects the amount of water that can be absorbed and used by plants and animals | particle |
| Soil properties that can be measured | pH, and permeability |
| pores | open spaces between soil particles that let water flow through |
| permeability | how freely water flows through the soil |
| The closer the particles pack together because of particle size, the less ___ the soil is | permeable |
| Measuring permeability involves calculating the ___ of drainage | rate |
| Soils can be basic or acidic and usually measure ___ on the pH scale | 4-10 |
| Indicators can be used to measure the ___ of soils | pH |
| Most plants grow best in soils with a pH of between _ and _ | 5 and 7 |
| Regardless of the nutrients present in the soil, if the pH is not suitable those nutrients will be ___ to the organisms | inaccessible |
| lime | kind of fertilizer that alters pH and making the soil nutrients more accessible. |
| All organisms on Earth, including humans, use resources provided by the ___ | environment |
| Living things use, change, and ___ natural resources | reuse |
| renewable resources | resources that can be replaced and reused by nature |
| nonrenewable | Natural resources that cannot be replaced by nature |
| ___ ___are replaced through natural processes at a rate that is equal to or greater than the rate at which they are being used | renewable resources |
| ___can be cleaned and purified by plants during the process of photosynthesis as they remove carbon dioxide from the air and replace it with oxygen | Air |
| The ___ ___ allows Earth’s water to be used over and over within the environment | water cycle |
| ___ is formed to replace soil that has been carried away by wind & water | topsoil |
| renewable resource that provides a source of energy for all processes on Earth | solar energy (sunlight) |
| ___ ___ are exhaustible because they are being extracted and used at a much faster rate than the rate at which they were formed | Nonrenewable resources |
| examples of nonrenewable resources | Fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas), diamonds, metals, and other minerals |
| takes millions of years to be replaced | nonrenewable resources |
| Reducing | involves making a decision to not use a resource when there is an alternative, such as walking or riding a bicycle rather than traveling in a car |
| Reusing | involves finding a way to use a resource (or product from a resource) again without changing it or reprocessing it, such as washing a drinking glass rather than throwing away plastic or Styrofoam |
| Recycling | involves reprocessing a resource (or product from a resource) so that the materials can be used again as another item, such as metals, glass or plastics being remade into new metal or glass products or into fibers. |
| Protecting | involves preventing the loss of a resource, usually living things, by managing their environment to increase the chances of survival, such as providing wildlife preserves for endangered animals. |
Created by:
Ms. Phillips
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