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consists of the alimentary tract & certain contributory accessory organs
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masticate food
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Merrills Ch 16 pt 1
Abdomen & Biliary Tract- pt 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| consists of the alimentary tract & certain contributory accessory organs | digestive system |
| masticate food | teeth |
| secrete fluid into mouth for digestion | salivary glands |
| secrete specialized digestive juices into the small intestine (2) | liver & pancreas |
| extends from diaphragm to superior bony pelvis; contains stomach, small & large intestines, liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas & kidneys | abdominal cavity |
| lies w/in the margins of the bony pelvis; contains the rectum & sigmoid of the large intestine, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs | pelvic cavity |
| double-walled seromembranous sac enclosing abdominopelvic cavity | peritoneum |
| outer peritoneum | parietal peritoneum |
| inner peritoneum | visceral peritoneum |
| folds of peritoneum; support viscera in position | mesentery and omenta |
| space between the 2 layers of peritoneum | peritoneal cavity |
| contained in peritoneal cavity | serous fluid |
| cavity behind the peritoneum; contains kidneys & pancreas | retroperitoneum |
| largest gland in the body | liver |
| the diaphragmatic surface of liver is ______; the _______ surface is concave | convex; visceral |
| the deepest point of the liver is the ________ aspect just above the right ______ | inferior; kidney |
| body regions occupied by the liver | right hypochondrium; left hypochondrium & epigastrium |
| divides liver into right & left lobes | falciform ligament |
| smaller lobe of liver | left |
| minor, posterior lobe of liver | caudate lobe |
| minor, inferior lobe of liver | quadrate lobe |
| hilum of liver; located between the 2 minor lobes | porta hepatis |
| convey blood to liver | portal vein & hepatic artery |
| True or false? The portal system carries modified blood from the liver to the heart. | True |
| conveys blood from the liver sinusoids to the IVC | hepatic veins |
| True or false? The liver secretes bile at a rate of 1-3 pints (½- 1½ L) every hour. | False; 1-3 pints (½- 1½ L) per day |
| eliminates waste products of RBC destruction; aids in emulsification & assimiliation of fats | bile |
| bile: liver ➔ gallbladder or ________ | duodenum |
| beginning of biliary/ excretory system of liver | bile capillaries |
| 2 main ducts leading from each major lobe of liver, emerging at the porta hepatis | right & left hepatic ducts |
| convergence of main hepatic ducts | common hepatic duct |
| convergence of common hepatic duct & cystic duct | common bile duct |
| enlarged chamber between common bile & pancreatic ducts, and duodenum | hepatopancreatic ampulla, or ampulla of Vater |
| distal end of the common bile duct | choledochal sphincter |
| circular muscle that controls hepatopancreatic ampulla (ampulla of Vater) | sphincter of Oddi, or sphincter of the hepatopancreatic ampulla |
| elevation on the duodenal mucosa where the hepatopancreaticj ampulla opens | major duodenal papilla |
| capacity of gallbladder | 2 ounces |
| thin-walled, pear-shaped, musculomembranous sac; concentrates, stores or evacuates bile | gallbladder |
| hormone that activates muscular contraction of gallbladder; secreted by the duodenal mucosa | cholecystokinin |
| capacity of gallbladder | 2 ounces |
| thin-walled, musculomembranous sac, pear-shaped; concentrates, stores or evauates bile | gallbladder |
| hormone that activates contraction of gallbladder | cholecystokinin |
| elongated gland extending from the duodenum to the spleen; 5½" long | pancreas |
| broadest part of pancreas; located at L2-L3 | head |
| True or false? The pancreas cannot be visualized on plain x-rays. | True |
| The ________ is both an exocrine & endocrine gland. | pancreas |
| location of inferior right portion of liver | L4 |
| exocrine lobules of pancreas | produce pancreatic juice |
| endocrine islet cells of pancreas | produce insulin & glucagon |
| clusters of cells of pancreas | islets of Langerhans |
| glandlike but ductless bean-shaped organ of lymphatic system; 5" (13 cm) long, 3" (7.6 cm) wide & 1" (3.8 cm) thick; located in LUQ inferior to diaphragm & posterior to stomach | spleen |
| True or false? Abdominal radiographs should produce black-and-white contrast. | False; should have moderate gray tones |
| Best criteria for judging the quality of an abdominal radiograph | sharply defined outlines of: psoas muscles, inferior liver, kidneys, ribs & transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae |
| 3 way or acute abdomen series | PA chest, KUB & upright AP abdomen |
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