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HY Respiratory A&P
DIT 13.1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What histological change takes places in the lungs of a smoker? | Squamous metaplasia (columnar-->squamous) |
| A patient in the ER is having anaphylaxis. You make an incision below the thyroid cartilage to establish an airway. What structure did you cut? | The crichothyroid membrane |
| What structures traverse the diaphragm and at what levels? | IVC @T8, esophagus and vagus @T10, aorta and thoracic duct and azygous v @T12 (I 8 10 eggs At Noon) |
| What cell type proliferates during lung damage? | Type II pneumocytes |
| What amniotic fluid measurement is indicative of fetal lung maturity? | Lecithin : sphingomyelin ratio >2 |
| A young woman has infertility, recurrent URIs, and dextrocardia. Which of her proteins is defective? | Dynein arm (she has Kartagener's syndrome) |
| The following lung volumes are obtained from an elderly smoker: FRC 5.0L, IRV 1.5L, IC 2.0L, VC 3.5L. What is his total lung capacity? | TLC= FRC + IC= 2.0 + 5.0= 7.0L |
| What substances are known for causing methemoglobinemia? | Nitrates, dapsone, chloroquine and primaquine, sulfonamides, local anesthetics, and metoclopramide |
| A 42 year old woman with fibroids is chronically tired. What is the most likely diagnosis and what changes have occurred in the oxygen content and saturation? | She has excess uterine bleeding due to her fibroids which has caused a microchromic, microcytic anemia. This means she doesn't have enough Hgb. Her oxygen content and oxygen saturation levels will be unchanged. |
| Patient is show to have hypoxia and CXR reveals an enlarged heart. What is the most likely cause of hypoxia? | Vasoconstriction due to decreased perfusion (pt has CHF). |
| Which receptor abnormality is associated with primary pulmonary hypertension? | Bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II (BMPR2) |
| What is the last feature to disappear in the respiratory tree before getting to the alveoli? | Cilia |
| What is the largest contributor of functional dead space in a healthy lung? | Apex (this is part of why mycobacterium like TB like to hang out here) |
| What happens to lung compliance with the following condition: pulmonary fibrosis | Decreases |
| What happens to lung compliance with the following condition: insufficient surfactant | Decreases |
| What happens to lung compliance with the following condition: pulmonary edema | Decreases |
| What is the cause of primary pulmonary hypertension? What type of prognosis does it carry? | Inactivating mutation in BMPR2 gene which normally f'ns to inhibit vascular sm m proliferation. Carries a poor prognosis. |
| Alcoholic presents with sudden dyspnea and crackles that are not responsive to oxygen therapy. | Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) secondary to acute necrotizing pancreatitis, a major risk factor for ARDS |
| Which lung cancer is assoc'd with the l-myc oncogene? | Small cell (oat cell) CA |
Created by:
sarah3148
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