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Pshycologists formally define learning as:
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In psychology, the term "conditioning" refers to
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Psych 0101-01 Ch 5
Chapter 5: Learning. Test 06/16/11
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Pshycologists formally define learning as: | a) a process tha tproduces a relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge as a result of past experience. |
| In psychology, the term "conditioning" refers to | b) learning associations between environmental events and behavioral responses. |
| The proces of learning associations between environmental events and behavioral responses is called: | c) conditioning |
| Who discovered the basic process of classical conditioning? | d) Ivan Pavlov |
| The term "elicited" is | b) used in classical conditioning and means that the stimulus "draws out" or causes an existing behavior to occur. |
| Which behavior is a REFLEX, meaning it is goverened by the nervou ssystem and occurs automatically? | c) shivering in response to cold |
| Essentially, classical conditioning is a process of: | d) learning an association between two stimuli |
| Mrs. Snarly was stricct and scolded Blair on several occations, making her cry. When Blair and her father saw Mrs. Snarly at the grocery store, Blair burst into tears just at the sight of her. This is an example of: | d) a conditioned response. |
| Rani liked to talk things over with her Grandpa. He smoked a pipe and was woarm reassuring, and supportive. Now, Rani still finds the smell of pipe tabacco soothing. Rani's fondess for the smell of pipe tobacco may be described as a: | a) conditioned response |
| If you touch something hot, you will reflexively withdraw your hand. Using Pvalov's terminology, reflexively withdrawing your hand would be term an: | b) unconditioned response |
| After repeatedly pairting th sound of a bell with food being placed in a dog's mouth, the sound of the bell alone will make the dog salivate. At this p oint, the sound of the bell is an: | a)conditioned stimulus |
| A young child has learned to associate the sigh tof a nurse's white univorm with the fear and pain of getting an injection. Using Pavlov's terminology, when the white uniform elicits a fear response, it would be termed: | c) conditioned stimulus |
| A young child has learned to associate the sight of a nurse's white uniform with the fear and pain of getting an injection. If the young child begins reacting with fear to the sigh tof any white jacket, what has occurd? | a) stimulus gerneralization |
| When Micah was 3 years old, he was frightened by his Aunt Mabel's little dog,which had nipped him on the leg. Because of th eincident, Micah developed a strong fear of small dogs but not large dogs. This best illustrates which of the foloowing? | b) stimulus discrimination |
| Which of the foloowing has the greatest impact on the strength of the conditioned response? | b) the timing of stimulus resentations. |
| A CS is used in place of an uncinditioned UCS in a new conditioned trial and is paired with a second CS. The second CS then comes to eleict the CR. This is: | b)higher order conditioning or second-order conditioning. |
| Pavlov's dogs were classically conditioned to a bell. Pavlov pairs the bell with a red light until the red light alone elictes a conditioned resposne. The experimenter alone has demonstrated: | b)higher order conditioning or second-order conditioning. |
| Each Friday, Dr. Cruz would quiz his Psych class. Students quickly learned to be nervous on Friday mornings, just before each quiz. Halfway through the semster, Dr. Cruz stopped giving quizzes on Fridays and the anxiety began to diminish. This process is: | b) extinction |
| After a dog had been condit'd to salivate@the sight of meat powder, the meat powder was presented 2the dog every 3 minutues and held just out of the dog's reach. After several trials, the amount of the dog's saliva went to 0, showing ____ had occured. | c) extinction |
| John B. Watson would agree with which of the fololowing statements? | d) The goal o fpsychology is the prediction and control of behavior. |
| John B. Watson believed that psychology should study: | b) observable behavior. |
| It was ___ who made the following claim: "Give me a dozen healthy infants, well0formed, and my own specified word to bring them up in and I'll guarantee to take any one at random and trian him to become any type of specialist I might select." | d) John B. Watson |
| Which of the following advertising techniques is based on classical conditioning principles? | c) a sexy model using Brand X |
| Skinner coined the term "operant" to describe: | a) activie behaviors that operate on the environment to generate consequences |
| An operant can be defined as: | b_ a voluntary action |
| In operant conditioning, reinforcement: | is defined by teh effect that it produces-- increasin or strengthening behavior. |
| "I'll make you a deal," Cody's mother says. "If you clean up your room, then you can have a glazed donut." Using operatn conditioning terms, Cody's mother is using ____ to reward desired behavior. | c) a primary reinforcer |
| Which of the foloowing would be an example of a primary reinforcer? | d) a cold drink on a hot day |
| In oparant conditioning, a discriminative stilmulus is defined as a(n): | a) environmental stimulus or cue in the presense of which a particular response ismore likely to be reinforced. |
| Standing at the curb, you wait for the Don't Walk crossing signal to change to Walk. Usin goperant conditioning terms, the Don't Walk/Walk corssing signal is a(n) ____ in the situation. | b) discriminative stimulus. |
| If you reinforce successively closer approximations of a behavior until the desired behavior is displayed, you are using the operant conditioning procedure called: | c) stimulus discrimination |
| In your philosophy class, you have found that you rprofesssor never calls in your when you raise your hand. s a result, you no longer reaise your hand ot ask or answer questions. In learning theory, no longer raisiing your hand would e the result of: | c) extinction |
| The application of learning princiiples to help people learn more effective or adaptive behaviors is called: | a) behavior modification |
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