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PS Pharm
Stack #65045
| Drug | Description | indication(s) | contraindication(s) | Routes & dosages |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Droperidol (inapsine) | Butyrophenone derivative, structurally & pharmacologically related to Haloperidol | treatment of nausea & vomiting in patients refractory to first line antiemetics, antipsychotic & tranquilizer | treatment of nausea & vomiting in patients refractory to first line antiemetics, antipsychotic & tranquilizer | treatment of nausea & vomiting in patients refractory to first line antiemetics, antipsychotic & tranquilizer |
| Haloperidol (haldol) | major tranquilizer | acute psychotic episodes | should not be used in cases where other drugs, especially sedatives are used, Should not be used to treat dysphoria caused by Talwin | 2 to 5 mg IM GIVEN IM ONLY |
| Diazepam (Valium) | Benzodiazepine used as a sedative, hypnotic & anticonvulsant | acute anxiety states, premed for cardioversion, skeletal muscle relaxant, major motor seizures & status epilepticus | history of hypersensitivity | 2 to 5 mg IV or IM -anxiety 5 to 15 mg IV - cardioversion 5 to 10 mg IV - seizures |
| Hydroxyzine (vistaril, Atarax) | antianxiety & sedative agent w/sedative properties, frequently used in emergency medicine | potentates the effects of narcotics & synthetic narcotics, nausea & vomiting, anxiety reactions | history of hypersensitivity | 50 to 100 mg IV - anxiety, 25 to 50 mg IV-antiemetic IV only |
| Labetalol (Trandate, Normodyne | Nonselective B blocker & selective A blocker | Acute management of hypertensive crisis | High dose up to 100mg is sometimes given. IV or IM, IV preferred in prehospital setting | 20mg/2 min slow IV injection, supine BP before, 5 & 10 min after admin, 40 mg can be given evey 10 min until desired Bp is reached or until 300 mg has been given |
| Lorazapam (Ativan) | Benzodiazepine used as a sedative, hypnotic & anticonvulsant | major motor seizures, acute anxiety states, premed for cardioversion, status epilepticus | history of hypersensitivity | 0.5 to 2.0 mg IV, 1.0 to 4.0 mg IM, may be given rectally |
| Phenobarbitol (Luminal) | Barbituate, used as a sedative & anticonvulsant | major motor seizures, acute anxiety states & status epilepticus | history of hypersensitivity | 100 to 250 mg IV slowly - status epilepticus |
| Phenytoin (Dilantin) | Long acting anticonvulsant & antidysrhthmic that depresses spontaneous ventricular depolarization | major motor seizures, status epilepticus, major life threatening dysrhthmias resulting from Digitalis toxicity, or tricyclic antidepressant overdose, ventricular dysrhthmias in settings of acute MI's should be first treated w/ Lidocaine | Hypersensitivity to drug in cases of braycardia & high grade heart block. Patients who chronically use drug for seizures, until blood levels have been determined | Loading dose is 10 to 15 mg/kg, administered no faster than 50 mg/min, Dilute w/normal saline (using d5W may result in precipitation of drug) ADMIN IV ONLY |
| Fosphenytoin (Cerebryz) | Prodrug- converts to Phenytoin after parenteral administration. Can be given IM if IV access is not available | Major motor seizures, unlabeled antidysrhthmic, digitalis induced | Hypersensitivity to Phenytoin, seizures caused my hypoglycemia, bradycardia, complete /partial heart block | IV loading dose 15 to 20 mg (PE)/ kg admin at a rate of 100 to 150 mg/min, IV maintenance dose of 4 to 6 mg(PE)/kg per day. IM is possible if IV access can not be attained |
| Methylprednisolone (Solu-medrol) | Intermediate -acting corticosteroid related to natural hormones secreted by adrenal cortex | spinal cord injury, anaphylaxix, asthma & exacerbation of COPD | No major contraindicators in prehospital setting | Spinal cord= 30 mg/kg IV over 15 min. Followed 45 minutes later by maintance infusion of 5.4mg/kg/hour for 24 - 48 hours. Asthma, COPD, Allergic reactions =80 to 125 mg IV or IM |
| Mannitol (Osmotrol) | 6-Carbon sugar compound, osmotic diuretic | Acute cerebral edema & blood transfusion reactions | pts w/acute pulmonary edema: severe pulmonary congestion. Patients profoundly hypovolemic | 1.5 to 2.0 gr/kg slow IV, IV infusion eliminates the chances of causing circulatory overload or CHF |
| Dexamethasone (Decadron, Hexadrol) | Synthetic steroid chemically related to natural adrenal cortex hormones | Cerebral edema, anaphylaxis, asthma & exacebation of COPD | No major contraindicators in prehospital setting | Varies from Doc to Doc, Usual range 4 to 24 mg: 12 MG-IV common. |
Created by:
dbrus1
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