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LOM Book Chapter 8
Language of Medicine Chapter 8 - Created by MTatHome.com
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| abortion | Premature ending of pregnancy before the embryo or fetus is able to exist on its own. |
| abruptio placentae | Premature detachment of the placenta from its place in the uterine wall. |
| adnexa uteri | Accessory parts of the uterus; fallopian tubes and ovaries. |
| amenorrhea | Absence of menstural flow. |
| amniocentesis | Surgical puncture with a needle to withdraw fluid from within the amniotic sac. |
| amnion | Innermost membranous sac surrounding the developing fetus. |
| amniotic fluid | Fluid contained within the amniotic sac surrounding the fetus. |
| anovulatory | NOt accompanied by ovulation (release of eggs from the ovary). |
| Apgar score | System of scoring an infant's physical condition at 1 and 5 minutes after birth. |
| areola | Dark, pigmented area surrounding the breast nipple. |
| aspiration | Withdrawal of fluid from a cavity or sac with an instrument using suction. |
| Bartholin glands | Two small mucus-secreting glands near the opening of the vagina to the outside of the body. |
| bilateral oophorectomy | Excision or removal of both ovaries. |
| carcinoma in situ | Cancerous tumor that is localized and has not spread either to nearby tissue or through the lymphatic system or bloodstream. |
| carcinoma of the breast | Malignant tumor of breast tissue; breast cancer. |
| carcinoma of the cervix | Malignant cells within the cervix (lower portion of the uterus). |
| carcinoma of the endometrium | Malignant tumor of the uterus (endometrium). |
| cauterization | Destruction of tissue by burning. |
| cephalic version | Procedure for turning the fetus so that its head is the presenting part to enter the birth canal first. |
| cervical dysplasia | Abnormal cells in the cervix (lower, neck-like region of the uterus). |
| cervicitis | Inflammation of the cervix. |
| cervix | Neck-like, lower portion of the uterus. |
| cesarean section | Surgical incision of the abdominal wall and uterus to deliver a fetus. |
| chlamydial infection | Bacterial infection causing pelvic inflammation in the reproductive tract of women and men. |
| choriocarcinoma | Malignant tumor of the placenta. |
| choriogenesis | Formation of the chorion, the outermost membrane surrounding the fetus. |
| chorion | Outermost membrane surrounding the developing fetus. It forms the fetal part of the placenta. |
| chorionic | Pertaining to the chorion. |
| chorionic villus sampling | Sampling of placental tissues (chorionic villi) for prenatal diagnosis. |
| clitoris | Sensitive erectile tissue, outside the body in front of the opening of the female urethra. |
| coitus | Sexual intercourse. |
| colposcopy | Visual examination of the vagina and uterine cervix using an optical magnifying instrument called a colposcope. |
| conization | Removal of cone-shaped section of cervix. |
| corpus luteum | Yellow glandular mass (corpus) formed by an ovarian follicle that has matured and discharged its ovum. It secretes progesterone to maintain pregnancy. |
| cryocauterization | Use of freezing cold temperature to burn and destroy tissue. |
| cul-de-sac | Region in the lower abdomen between the uterus and the rectum. |
| culdocentesis | Surgical puncture to remove fluid from the cul-de-sac. |
| cystadenocarcinoma | Malignant tumor containing fluid-filled sacs and glanular tissue; commonly occurring in the ovaries. |
| cystadenoma | Benign tumor of cystic and glandular components, commonly found in the ovaries. |
| dermoid cyst | Ovarian cysts lined with a variety of cell types (hair, skin, and teeth). |
| dilatation | Widening and enlargement of a hollow organ. |
| dilation and curettage | Widening (dilation) of the cervix and scraping the endometrial lining of the uterus. |
| dysmenorrhea | Painful, difficult menses (menstruation). |
| dyspareunia | Painful sexual intercourse. |
| dystocia | Difficult childbirth. |
| ectopic pregnancy | Implantation of the fertilized egg in any site other than in the uterus. |
| embryo | State in prenatal development from two to six weeks. |
| endocervicitis | Inflammation of the inner lining of the cervix (lower, neck-like portion of the uterus). |
| endometriosis | Endometrial tissue located outside of the uterus. |
| endometritis | Inflammation of the inner lining of the uterus (upper portion). |
| endometrium | Inner, mucous membrane lining of the uterus. |
| episiotomy | Incision of the vulva (perineum) to widen the opening of the vagina during a difficult childbirth. |
| erythroblastosis fetalis | Hemolytic disease of the newborn caused by a blood group incompatibility (Rh factor) between the mother and fetus. |
| estrogen | Ovarian hormone that promotes female secondary sex characteristics and sexual development. |
| exenteration | Removal of internal organs. Pelvic exenteration is removal of ovaries, uterus, fallopian tubes, vagina and sections of the intestines. |
| fallopian tube | One of a pair of ducts through which the ovum travels to the uterus (oviducts or uterine tubes). |
| fertilization | Union of the egg (ovum) and sperm cell. |
| fetal monitoring | Continuous recording of fetal heart rate and uterine contractions during labor. |
| fetal presentation | Manner in which the fetus enters the birth canal. |
| fetus | State in prenatal development from 6 to 39 / 40 weeks. |
| fibrocystic disease | Presence of small sacs of fibrous connective tissue and fluid in the breast. |
| fibroids | Benign tumors of fibrous and muscular tissue in the uterus; leiomyomas. |
| fimbriae | Finger or fringe-like ends of the fallopian tubes. |
| follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) | Secreted by the pituitary gland to stimulate maturation of the egg cell (ovum). |
| galactorrhea | Excessive or abnormal secretion of milk after breast-feeding has ended. |
| gamete | Reproductive cell (ovum or sperm cell). |
| genitalia | Reproductive organs (genitals). |
| gestation | Nine-month period during which a fertilized egg cell develops into an infant; pregnancy. |
| gonad | Female or male reproductive organ that produces sex cells and hormones. |
| gynecology | Study of the female reproductive organs, including the breasts. |
| gynecomastia | Female-like breast enlargement in a male. |
| human chorionic gonadotropin | Secreted by the placenta to sustain pregnancy. |
| hyaline membrane | Acute lung disease in premature infants; respiratory distress disease syndrome of the newborn. |
| hydrocephalus | Accumulation of fluid in the spaces of the brain; in infants, the condition causes enlargement of the head. |
| hymen | Mucous membrane partially or completely covering the opening to the vagina. |
| hysterectomy | Removal of the uterus. |
| hysterosalpingography | X-ray recording of the uterus and fallopian tubes after injection of contrast material |
| hysteroscopy | Visual examination (endoscopic) of the uterus. |
| in vitro fertilization | Egg and sperm cells are combined outside the body in a laboratory dish (in vitro) to facilitate fertilization. Fertilized ova are then implanted into the uterus through the cervix. |
| intrauterine device (IUD) | Device inserted by a physician into the uterus to prevent pregnancy. |
| involution | Shrinking of the uterus (womb) to its normal size after childbirth. |
| labia | Lips of the vagina. |
| lactation | Production of milk |
| lactiferous ducts | Tubes that carry milk throughout the breast. |
| lactogenesis | Production of milk. |
| laparoscopy | Visual examination of the abdominal cavity using an endoscope. |
| leiomyomas | Benign tumors of the uterus; fibroids. |
| leucorrhea | White to yellow discharge from the vagina. |
| lumen | Cavity or channel with a tube or tubular organ, as a blood vessel, vagina, or fallopian tube. |
| luteinizing hormone (LH) | Secreted by the pituitary gland to promote ovulation. |
| mammary | Pertaining to the breast. |
| mammary papilla | Nipple of the breast. |
| mammography | X-ray recording of the breast. |
| mammoplasty | Surgical repair of the breast (augmentation or reduction surgery). |
| mastectomy | Removal (excision) of a breast. |
| mastitis | Inflammation of a breast. |
| meconium aspiration syndrome | Abnormal inhalation of meconium (first stools) by a fetus or newborn. |
| menarche | Beginning of the first menstrual period (menses). |
| menometrorrhagia | Excessive uterine bleeding during menstruation and also between menstrual periods. |
| menopause | Gradual ending of menstruation. |
| menorrhagia | Abnormally heavy or long menstrual periods. |
| menorrhea | Menstruation; monthly discharge of blood from the lining of the uterus. |
| menstruation | Monthly shedding of the lining of the uterus; menses. |
| metrorrhagia | Bleeding between menstruations. |
| multigravida | A woman who has been pregnant more than once. |
| multipara | A woman who has delivered more than one viable infant. |
| myomectomy | Removal of muscle tumors (fibroids) from the uterus. |
| myometrium | Muscle layer of the uterus. |
| neonatal | Newborn. |
| neonatology | Study of newborns. |
| nullipara | A woman who has never given birth to an infant. |
| obstetrics | Branch of medicine dealing with the care of women during pregnancy and childbirth. |
| oligomenorrhea | Scanty menstrual flow. |
| oogenesis | Formation of ova (egg cells). |
| oophoritis | Inflammation of an ovary. |
| orifice | An opening. |
| ovarian | Pertaining to an ovary. |
| ovarian carcinoma | Malignant tumor of the ovary; ovarian adenocarcinoma. |
| ovarian cyst | Sacs of fluid within or on the ovaries. |
| ovarian follicle | Tiny sac in the ovary that contains an egg cell (ovum). |
| ovary | One of two female reproductive organs (gonads) that produce egg cells and female hormones (estrogen and progesterone). |
| ovulation | Release of an egg cell from an ovary. |
| ovum | Egg cell; plural is ova. |
| oxytocia | Rapid labor and childbirth. |
| oxytocin | Secretion of the pituitary gland causing contraction of the uterus during labor and stimulation of milk secretion from the breast. |
| palpation | Process of examining by using hands of fingers on the outside of the body. |
| Pap smear | Microscopic examination of stained cells removed from the vagina and cervix. |
| parturition | Act of giving birth. |
| pelvic inflammatory disease | Inflammation and infection of organs in the pelvic regions; including salpingitis, oophoritis, endometriosis, and endocervicitis. |
| pelvic ultrasonography | Recording images of sound waves as they bounce off the organs in the pelvic region. |
| pelvimetry | Measurement of the dimensions of the female pelvis. |
| perineorrhaphy | Suture of the perineum (following an episiotomy). |
| perineum | Area between the anus and vagina in females and the area between the anus and scrotal sac in males. |
| pituitary gland | Endocrine gland at the base of the brain. |
| placenta | Vascular organ that develops in the uterine wall during pregnancy. |
| placenta previa | Placental implantation over the cervical opening or in the lower region of the uterine wall. |
| preeclampsia | Abnormal condition of pregnancy marked by high blood pressure, proteinuria, and edema. |
| pregnancy | Condition of having a developing embryo and fetus in the body for about 40 weeks; gestation. |
| prenatal | Pertaining to before birth. |
| primigravida | A woman during her first pregnancy. |
| primipara | A woman who has given birth to her first child. |
| primiparous | Pertaining to a woman who has given birth to her first child. |
| progesterone | Hormone secreted by the ovaries; maintains the lining of the uterus during pregnancy. |
| puberty | Period during which secondary sex characteristics begin to develop and the ability to reproduce begins. |
| pyloric stenosis | Narrowing of the opening of the stomach to the duodenum in a newborn. |
| pyosalpinx | Pus in a fallopian tube. |
| respiratory distress syndrome | Abnormal condition in infants when a protein (surfactant) is missing in the lung tissues. Infants have difficult respiratory function; hyaline membrane disease. |
| retroversion | Tipping backward of an organ or a part of the body; as in the uterus. |
| salpingectomy | Removal of a fallopian tube. |
| salpingitis | Inflammation of a fallopian tube. |
| tubal ligation | Tying off of the fallopian tubes to make a woman incapable of reproduction; sterilization of a female. |
| uterine serosa | Outermost layer surrounding the uterus. |
| uterus | Hollow, pear-shaped muscular female organ in which the embryo and fetus develop; womb. |
| vagina | Muscular, mucosal tube extending from the uterus (cervix) to the exterior of the body. |
| vaginal orifice | Opening of the vagina to the exterior of the body. |
| vaginitis | Inflammation of the vagina. |
| vulva | External female genitalia; labia, clitoris, and vaginal orifice. |
| vulvovaginitis | Inflammation of the vulva and vagina. |
| zygote | Stage in prenatal development from fertilization and implantation to two weeks. |
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