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DAT Gen Chem

DAT General Chemistry

QuestionAnswer
How is pressure related to volume? Inversely related P = 1/V "Boyles Law"
How is Temperature related to volume? Directly proportional V = T "Charle's Law"
How is moles of gas related to volume? Directly proportional V = n "Avogadro's Law"
What is the Ideal Gas Law? PV=nRT
Which phase changes are "endothermic"? Solid - Liquid - Gas = Fusion, Vaporization, Sublimation
Which phase changes are "exothermic"? Gas - Liquid - Solid = Crystallization, Condensation, Deposition
How do you measure the heat change? Q=mcΔT
How do you find out the rate of effusion? Which gas escapes faster and by how much? Rate1/Rate2 =√Molar mass2/ Molar mass1 Ex) Rate H2/Rate O2 = √32/2
Molar Mass = ? Grams / moles
Density = ? Mass/Volume, but given the grams - find the moles, then find out how much volume by the moles at STP. Ex) 2 moles = 44.4L
What is the mole ratio of this equation? N2(g) + 3 H2(g) -> 2NH3(g) 1:3:2 Ratio
N2(g) + 3 H2(g) -> 2NH3(g) With 10 moles N2 and 20 moles H2 What is the Limiting Reagent and Theoretical Yield? Limiting Reagent = H2 Theoretical Yield = 13.33 mol NH3
Molarity =? Molarity = mol solute / L solution
Molality =? Molality = mol solute/ kg solvent
Mole Fraction =? Mole Fraction = mol solute/ total moles
CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) -> CaCl2 + H2O + CO2 Using 400g CaCO2(s) What volume of CO2(g) is produced at STP? 400g CaCO3 -> 4 mol CaCO3(s) -> 4 mol CO2(g) x 22.4L = 89.6 L CO2
CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) -> CaCl2 + H2O + CO2 Using 400g CaCO2(s) What volume of 6M HCl is needed to completely react with 400g CaCO2(s)? 400g CaCO3 -> 4 mol CaCO3(s) -> 8 mol HCl M=mol/V V=mol/M V= 8 mol HCl/ 6mol/L = 1.33 L HCl
What are all soluble? Group I Metals, NH4+, NO3-, ClO4-, C2H3O2- "most" Ag+, Pb2+, Hg2+
Freezing Point Depression =? ∆Tf = -iKfm
Boiling Point Elevation =? ∆Tb = iKbm
Vapor Pressure =? Pa = XaPtotal = (mole fraction)(total pure)
117g NaCl in 500ml H2O, Kf= 1.86C/M What's the molality of the solution? What's the total freezing point? 2 mol NaCl/ 0.5 kg H20 = 4M (van hoff i =2) ∆Tf = -iKfm ∆Tf = -(2)(1.86)(4) = -15 degrees C
1 m NaCl 1.5 m CH3OH 0.8 m AlCl3 1.2 m CsNO3 Which has highest/lowest boiling point? Which has highest/lowest freezing point? (i)(m)= NaCl =2m CH3OH =1.5m (Highest FP, Lowest BP) AlCl3 =3.2m (Highest BP and Lowest FP)(Lowest Vapor Pressure) CsNO3 =2.4m
What is Osmotic Pressure=? π=iMRT
What is the hybridization and bond angle of a molecule with 2 electron domains? SP, 180˚
What is the hybridization and bond angle of a molecule with 3 electron domains? SP2, 120˚
What is the hybridization and bond angle of a molecule with 4 electron domains? SP3, 109.5˚
What is the hybridization and bond angle of a molecule with 5 electron domains? SP3D, 90˚, 120˚
What is the hybridization and bond angle of a molecule with 6 electron domains? SP3D2, 90˚
What is the molecular geometry of a molecule with 2 electron domains? Linear
What is the molecular geometry of a molecule with 3 electron domains with 0 non-bonding e- pairs? With 1 non-bonding e- pair? 0 - Trigonal Planar 1 pair - Bent
What is the molecular geometry of a molecule with 4 electron domains with 0 non-bonding e- pairs? With 1 non-bonding e- pair? With 2 non-bonding e- pairs? 0 -Tetrahedral 1 pair - Trigonal Pyramidal 2 pairs - Bent
What is the molecular geometry of a molecule with 5 electron domains with 0 non-bonding e- pairs? With 1 non-bonding e- pair? With 2 non-bonding e- pairs? With 3- non bonding pairs 0 - Trigonal Bypyramidal 1 pair - Seesaw 2 pairs - T Shaped 3 pairs - Linear
What is the molecular geometry of a molecule with 6 electron domains with 0 non-bonding e- pairs? With 1 non-bonding e- pair? With 2 non-bonding e- pairs? 0 - Octahedral 1 pair - Square Pyramidal 2 pairs - Square Planar
What is the 1st law of Thermodynamics? Conservation of energy (can't be created or destroyed) ∆U=Q-W
What is the 2nd law of Thermodynamics? For a spontaneous process, the entropy (∆S) of the universe increases. (Time makes things more random or disordered) ∆H=(H final-H initial)
What is the standard heat of a reaction? ∆H˚rxn= (sum of ∆H˚f of products)-(sum of ∆H˚f of reactants)
If 10g oh NaOH is dissolved in 500g of water, what is the molality of the solution? 1/2 or 0.5
If enough water is added to 11g CaCl2 to make 100 mL of solution, what is the molarity of the solution? 1M
How many mL of water must be added to 65mL of a 5.5M solution of NaOH in order to prepare a 1.2M NaOH solution? 235mL added
Electromotive force (EMF)=? EMF= E˚cathode- E˚ anode EMF (galvanic) = + EMF (electrolytic) = -
What is the 3rd law of Thermodynamics? A perfect crystal has no entropy @ 0Kelvin
Isobaric? ∆P=0 (Same Pressure)
Isochoric? ∆V=0 (Same Volume) so work=0, ∆E=Q
Isothermal? ∆T=0 (Same Temperature) so ∆E=0, Q=-W
Adiabatic? "No heat change" Q=0 (Insulated) ∆E=W
Which has a larger ionic radius? K+ or Cl- and why? Cl- they both are isoelectric to each other wanting to be like Ar, but the more protons a nucleus has the smaller the ionic radius it will be.
Under which conditions will a reaction always be in thermodynamic equilibrium? When ∆G=0, ∆H/T∆S=1
Why will the reaction NaOH + H2SO4 go to completion? Because it is a neutralization reaction, where a strong acid reacts with a strong base to form salt and a water in a double displacement reaction
What are salts of nitrous acids called? Nitrites
What does Ksp have to do with solubility? The larger the Ksp the more able to dissolve the molecule is.
The oxide of a non-metal is? An acid anhydride. Basic anhydrides are those metal oxides that react with water ex) K2O + H2O -> 2KOH
The element with the greatest electron affinity will be the better (oxidizing or reducing) agent? Oxidizing - Oxidizing agents are reduced, meaning they gain electrons.
Created by: sstauffer7
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