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DAT ch 15
bio- classification from coursesaver notes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Kingdom Monera | (bacteria) – prokaryotes that reproduce Asexually; circular DNA (transcription and translation occur in same place at same time); cell wall made ofpeptidoglycan which contains D-alanine (animal AA have L-configuration**) ; |
| Gram-positive | in monera kingdom- have thick peptidoglycan; |
| Gram-negative | in monera kingdom- have thin peptidoglycan but have additional outer layer; |
| three mechanisms for acquiring new genetic material | transduction(use of lysogenic phage). Transformation, Conjugation (once cell copies DNA => transferred through bridge/ F+ is male) |
| Cyanobacteria | called blue-green algae (NOT same algae from protista); cell wall and have photosynthetic pigments; NO flagella, NO nucleus, NO mito |
| Bacteria, shapes | single loop of DNA; can be round (cocci), rods (bacilli), or spiral (spirilla) |
| Kingdom Protista | unicellular eukaryotes; membrane bound nucleus and organelles ‑Protozoa – rhizopods (amoebas) move w/ pseudopods; cilliophors move w/ cilia; ex. Paramecium, green algae, Volvox ‑Algae – photosynthetic; ex phytoplankton and euglena (move w/ flagellum) |
| Kingdom Fungi | heterotrophs; may be saprophytic or parasitic; ex yeast, lichen, mushrooms; reproduce sexually (haploid adults) or asexually (spore formation, budding, fragmentation) |
| hyphae | branching filament of fungi, most are divided by septa (perforated w/ holes large enough for organelles), collectively known as mycelium |
| Fungi Classes | zygomycetes (ex. bread mold), basidiomycetes (ex. mushrooms),ascomycetes (ex. sac fungi) |
| Kingdom Plantae | photosynthetic autotrophs; differentiation of tissues (photosynthetic, supportive, vascular, absorptive); alternation of generations (reproduction) |
| Division Bryophyta | simple plants; must live in moist places; gametophyte is dominant; sporophyte develops into archegonium; NO xylem |
| Mosses | division bryophyta primitive; gametophyte and sporophyte grow together |
| Liverworts | division bryophyta leaf-like plant; consists of lower part (rhizoids), middle part (food storage), upper part (photosynthetic) |
| Division Tracheophyta | vascular plants, radial symmetry; grow to great heights; sporophyte dominant |
| Psilophytes | division tracheophyta- most primitive; contain rhizoids instead of roots |
| Lycophyta | division tracheophyta -club mosses; roots, non-woody |
| Sphenophytes | division tracheophyta - horsetail; roots, hollow-jointed stems |
| Pterophyta | division tracheophyta -fern; evolved from psilopsids, many vascular bundles; sperm are flagellated; grow from rhizome; sporangium is under leaves |
| Division Coniferophyta | gymnosperms, megaspores and microspores; specialized cambium tissue allows for secondary growth; ex:Cycads, pines, spruce, firs – (most are evergreens /nondeciduous |
| gymnosperms | can grow in diameter as well as length |
| megaspores | large female cones |
| microspores | small male cones |
| Division Anthophyta | angiosperms; covered seeds; most abundant of all plants |
| Dicotyledons | net veined leaves |
| Monocotyledons | leaves w/ parallel veins |
| Kingdom Animalia | multicellular, motile, heterotrophic organisms w/ differentiated tissues; most have bilateral symmetry; all employ some form of locomotion |
| Porifera | sponges; two layers of cells; have pores; sessile |
| Cnidarians | jellyfish, coral, hydra; digestive sac sealed at one end; net nerves; two layers of cells (ectoderm/ endoderm); RADIALLY symmetrical |
| cnidoblasts | specialized cells located in the tentacles and bodywalls of coloenterates; interior of cnidoblasts filled with stinging cells (nematocysts) |
| Platyhelminthes | flat worm; bilaterally symmetrical; 3 layers of cells (solid mesoderm); NO circulatory system; nervous system consists of eyes, anterior brain ganglion & longitudinal nerve cords |
| Nematoda | round worms; long digestive tubes & anus; solid mesoderm; NO circulartory system; nerve cords and nerve ring |
| Annelida | earthworms; possess coelom (true body cavity – in mesoderm); well defined systems including nervous, circulatory, and excretory |
| Mollusca | clams; softbodied & posses mantles which secrete calcareous (calcium carbonate); breathe by gills; chambered hearts; nerve chords |
| Class Gastropoda | largest Molluscan class; ex. slugs & snails; characterized by single shell |
| Class Cephalopoda | octopus and squid |
| Arthropoda | insects, spiders, crustaceans (lobster); jointed appendages, chitinous exoskeleton, and open circulatory |
| Echinoderms | starfish; RADIALLY symmetrical; regeneration; evolutionary evidence suggesting a link b/w echinoderms and chordates |
| Chordates | notochord; lancelets & tunicates & amphoxius (not vertebrates because retain notochord) |
| Fish characteristics | possess 2 chambered heart; gills; external fertilization |
| Jawless fish | sucking mouth; retain notochord; primitive (Agnatha) |
| Cartilaginous fish | jaws and teeth; reduced notochord; ex shark (chondrichthys) |
| Bony fish | most prevalent; lack notochord; ex trout (Osteichthys) |
| Amphibia | tadpole; has lungs; 3 chambered heart; external fertilization; eggs are laid in water w/ jelly like secretion |
| Reptiles | lungs; internal fertilization; cold blooded |
| Birds | warm blooded; 4 chambered heart - long Loop of Henle = concentrated urine = uric crystals |
| Mammals | warm blooded; feed offspring w/ milk from mammary glands |
Created by:
xeenie
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