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H&E stains
Some microscope, and Nuclear & cytoplasmic staining (trouble shooting too)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the objective lens systems | Scanning , intermediate, high power and oil immersion |
| what is determined by multiplying the magnifications of the oculare and the objective lens | total magnification |
| what is the resolving power | the ability to reveal fine detail or to discriminate between adjacent details |
| Define Chromatic aberration | white light enters a lens and is refracted into the colors of the visible light spectrum |
| what is the difference between Achromatic and Apchromatic | achromatic is corrected for two collors while apochromatic is corrected for three colors |
| all objectives will have the focal point in the same plane | parafocality |
| what are 3 kinds of polarizing microscopes | birefringence, anistropism, double refraction |
| produces 3d images | scanning electron microscope |
| where tissue is penetrated by or absorbs a dye solution and become colored without any other change or chemical reaction occuring | absorption |
| accumulation of stain by surface of a tissue component | adsorption |
| when dye and substance to be dyed develop diffferent charges | Ionic |
| atoms share electron | covalent bonding |
| stains applied to living tissue | vital stains |
| anionic | a negative charge dye or tissue component (acidic) |
| a positive charge dye or tissue component | basic/cationic |
| basophillic | an acidic substnce easily stainable with basic dye |
| a basic substance easily stainable with acidic dye | acidophilic |
| a protein may be positve or negatively charge, depening on ph of solution | amphoteric |
| point where positive and negative charges are equal | Isoelectrical point (IEP) |
| Eosin pH | 4.6 to 5 |
| below 6 | net charge is positive (acidophillic) Attraction of anionic dyes (negative) |
| above 6 | net charge is negative (basophilic) attraction of cationic dye(positive) |
| what happens if eosin ph drops too low | coo groups recombines with hydrogen |
| what are dyes | organic compound(coal tar, benzene derivative) |
| the group that confers the property of color | Chromophore |
| Common property of chormophores | easily reduce due to affinity for hydrogen |
| Define chromagen | a benzene derivative containing chormophoric groups |
| an ionizing group required to able dye to link firmly to tissue | auxochrome |
| give examples of chromophores and auxochrome | trinitrobenzene & picric acid |
| cationic or anionic depending on Ph & IEP | amphoteric |
| four Natural dyes | Carmine,orcein,saffron, hematoxylin |
| factors affecting dye binding | PH, Temperature,Concentration,Salts, Fixatives |
| tissue that reacts primarily w/the carboxyl(-cooh) and Hydroxyl(-oh) groups | potassium dichromate |
| Mordant | link between dye and tissue |
| mordant to dye | Lake |
| 3 methods of differentiating sections when mordant dyes are used regressively | basic or cationic dyes are differentiated by week acid solution -excess moredant will break the tissue -oxidizing the dye to a colorless substance |
| true or false: aluminum hematoxylin is reistant to decolorization with acid | false |
| name two oxidizing differentiators | potassium permanganate & chromium trioxide |
| Hematin | it is a pigment |
| Hematein | Oxidized hematoxylin |
| Ripening= | oxidation |
| when is aluminum sulfate used | to prepare gill hematoxylin |
Created by:
cristalberrios
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