Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
MMT Ch 15
Medical Terminology Endocrine System WGU
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| endocrine | any of the glands of the endocrine system that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream |
| hormones | chemical "messengers" of the endocrine system that are released into the blood |
| pituitary | of or relating to the pituitary gland |
| hypophysis | pituitary gland |
| adenohypophysis | the anterior lobe of the pituitary body |
| ACTH | Adrenocorticotropic hormone, produced by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the adrenal cortex regulates the production of cortisol(steriod hormone) from anterior pituitary |
| ICSH | Interstitia cell stimulating hormone |
| Increases testosterone production | |
| mature sperm for several days | |
| GH | Secreted directly by anterior pituitary; Growth Hormone, aka Somatotrophin; promotes bone and muscle growth |
| hGH | (Human growth hormone) also known as somatotrophic hormone is responsible for the growth of long bones, muscles and viscera. |
| PRL | prolactin, stimulates milk production by mammory glands. Stimulated by PRH inhibited by PIH |
| TSH | thyroid stimulating hormone; stimulates thyroid gland to synthesize and release thyroid hormones, including thyroxin (hormone produced by the thyroid glands to regulate metabolism by controlling the rate of oxidation in cells) |
| STH | Somatotrophin (growth hormone) |
| neurohypophysis | the posterior lobe of the pituitary body |
| ADH | anti-diuretic hormone blood, secreted when concentration of ions is high, cause kidneys to retain water |
| OT | oxytocin |
| thyroid gland | produces hormones that regulate metabolism, body heat, and bone growth |
| parathyroids | four tiny glands embedded in the thyroid; they secrete parathormone |
| PTH | parathyroid hormone |
| adrenal glands | a pair of endocrine glands just above the kidneys. the adrenals secrete the hormones epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline), which help to arouse the body in times of stress. |
| suprarenals | Adrenal Glands located above each kidney. |
| adrenal cortex | Part of the adrenal gland that produces three mayor groups of steroid hormones called corticosteroids. |
| adrenal medulla | inner part of adrenal gland; secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine |
| glucocorticoids | helps body resist long-term stressors; increases blood glucose levels; controls effects of inflammation from edema |
| mineralcorticoids | a class of steroid hormones characterised by their similarity to aldosterone and their influence on salt and water balance. |
| estrogen | a general term for female steroid sex hormones that are secreted by the ovary and responsible for typical female sexual characteristics |
| androgen | male sex hormone that is produced in the testes and responsible for typical male sexual characteristics |
| catecholamines | The neurotransmitters dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine, which are active in both the brain and the peripheral sympathetic nervous system. These three molecules have certain structural similarities and are part of a larger class of neurotransmitte |
| dopamine | neurotransmitter that influences voluntary movement, attention, alertness; lack of dopamine linked with Parkinson's disease; too much is linked with schizophrenia |
| epinephrine | a catecholamine secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to stress (trade name Adrenalin) |
| norepinephrine | a catecholamine precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the adrenal medulla and also released at synapses |
| pancreas | located partially behind the stomach in the abdomen, and it functions as both an endocrine and exocrine gland. It produces digestive enzymes as well as insulin and glucagon |
| exocrine | a gland that secretes externally through a duct |
| endocrine | any of the glands of the endocrine system that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream |
| islets of Langerhans | cell clusters in the pancreas that form the endocrine part of that organ |
| insulin | Hormone produced by the pancreas that is released when stimulated by elevated glucose levels. This hormone decreases blood sugar levels by accelerating the transport of glucose into the body cells where it is oxidized for energy or converted to glycogen o |
| ketones | fragments formed by the tissues during incomplete use of fat for energy, and released into the blood |
| thymus | a ductless glandular organ at the base of the neck that produces lymphocytes and aids in producing immunity |
| thymosin | Produced by the thymus gland during childhood, this hormone stimulates T-lymphocyte development and differentiation. |
| anorexia | eating disorder brought about by an extreme pursuit of thinness characterized by self-starvation and excessive weight loss |
| exophthalmia | abnormal protrusion of the eyeball |
| glucosuria | the presence of abnormally high levels of glucose in the urine |
| goiter | abnormally enlarged thyroid gland |
| hirsutism | abnormal hairiness, particularly in women |
| hypocalcemia | abnormally low level of calcium in the blood |
| hypoglycemia | abnormally low blood sugar usually resulting from excessive insulin or a poor diet |
| hypokalemia | abnormally low level of potassium in the circulating blood leading to weakness and heart abnormalities |
| hyponatremia | abnormally low level of sodium in the blood |
| ketoacidosis | presence of an abnormal amount of ketone bodies in the blood and urine indicating an abnormal utilization of carbohydrates as seen in uncontrolled diabetes and starvation |
| ketonuria | excessive amounts of ketone bodies in the urine as in diabetes mellitus or starvation |
| paresthesia | abnormal skin sensations (as tingling or tickling or itching or burning) usually associated with peripheral nerve damage |
| polydipsia | excessive thirst (as in cases of diabetes or kidney dysfunction) |
| polyphagia | excessive hunger |
| polyuria | excessive urination |
| tetany | tension; prolonged, continuous muscle contraction |
| acromegaly | disease characterized by enlarged features, especially the face and hands, caused by hypersecretion of the pituitary hormone after puberty, when normal bone growth has stopped; most often caused by a pituitary tumor |
| diabetes insipidus | a rare form of diabetes resulting from a deficiency of vasopressin (the pituitary hormone that regulates the kidneys) |
| gigantism | excessive largeness of stature |
| GHD | somatropin deficiency in childhood |
| panhypopituitarism | Total pituitary impairment that brings about a progressive and general loss of hormonal activity |
| SIADH | syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone |
| hyperthyroidism | condition of hypersecretion of the thyroid gland characterized by exophthalmia, tachycardia, goiter, and tumor |
| hypothyroidism | condition of hyposecretion of the thyroid gland causing low thyroid levels in the blood that result in sluggishness, slow pulse, and often obesity |
| hyperparathyroidism | excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone resulting in abnormally high levels of calcium in the blood |
| hypoparathyroidism | inadequate secretion of parathyroid hormone resulting in abnormally low levels of calcium in the blood |
| Addison disease | chronic syndrome resulting from a deficiency in the hormonal secretion of the adrenal cortex; symptoms may include weakness, darkening of skin, loss of appetitie, depression, and other emotional problems |
| Cushing disease | Cushing's syndrome: condition caused by an excess of adrenocortical hormone from ALL causes Cushing's disease: caused by PITUITARY hypersecretion of ACTH |
| DM | diabetes caused by a relative or absolute deficiency of insulin and characterized by polyuria |
| gestational diabetes | a disorder in which women who are not diabetic before pregnancy develop diabetes during the pregnancy |
| hyperinsulinism | condition resulting from an excessive amount of insulin in the blood that draws sugar out of the bloodstream, resulting in hypoglycemia, fainting, and convulsions; often caused by an overdose of insulin or by a tumor of the pancreas |
| prediabetes | diagnosed when fasting glucose levels are higher than normal (100 mg/dl) but lower than 126 mg/dl; people with prediabetes usually develop type II diabetes within 10 years; treat with weight loss and exercise to prevent onset of type II diabetes |
| IDDM | INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS (TYPE 1) |
| NIDDM | NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS (TYPE 2) |
| pheochromocytoma | a benign tumor of the adrenal medulla that causes the gland to produce excess epinephrine |
| prolactinoma | a benign tumor of the pituitary gland that causes it to produce too much prolactin |
| thymoma | Tumor of the thymus. |
| islet cell carcinoma | A tumor of the islands of Langerhans; such tumors may result in hyperinsulinism (and hypoglycemia) |
| malignant thymoma | rare cancer of the thymus gland |
| thyroid carcinoma | Malignant tumor of the thyroid gland |
| A1c | A test that measures how much glucose has been sticking during the past 3-4 months to hemoglobin, the substance in the red blood cells that carries oxygen to the cells of the body. The A1C test is important in diabetes as a long-term measure of control ov |
| FPG | Fasting Plasma Glucose |
| glucometer | a device used to measure levels of glucose in the blood |
| OGTT | oral glucose tolerance test |
| RIA | radioimmunoassay - measures hormone levels in plasma |
| TFT | thyroid function test |
| total calcium | Test that measures calcium to detect bone and parathyroid disorders |
| UA | urinalysis |
| urine glucose | positive in DM and steroid excess |
| urine ketones | indicated diabetes mellitus or hyperthyroidism |
| RAIU | radioactive iodine test that measures the amount of radioactive iodine taken up by the thyroid gland |
| adrenalectomy | excision of (one or both) adrenal glands |
| hypophysectomy | surgical removal of the pituitary gland |
| pancreatectomy | surgical removal of part or all of the pancreas |
| parathyroidectomy | excision of one or more of the parathyroid glands, usually to control hyperparathyroidism |
| thyroidectomy | surgical removal of the thyroid gland |
| Ca | Calcium |
| DI | Diabetes Insipidus |
| FBS | fasting blood sugar |
| K | Potassium |
| Na | Sodium |
| PGH | pituitary growth hormone |
| PRL | prolactin |
| T3 | triiodothyronine |
| T4 | thyroxine |
Created by:
DRIOS2
Popular Medical sets