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Ch 1 Biology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Characteristics of Life | Stable internal environment, respond to changes to environment, made of cells/similar molecules (Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Hydrogen, reproduction, DNA, metabolize, develop (grow), digest food, and excrete waste, energy |
| Homeostasis | maintaining constant internal conditions |
| Scientific Method | process of examination and discovery |
| Hypothesis | proposed explanation for a phenomenon, rejected if not supported by data |
| Controlled Testing | design experiments with a result in mind |
| Control group | group of subjects who are treated identically to the experimental group but are not exposed to the treatment |
| Independent Variable | can be measured and value changes as required |
| Theory | explanatory hypothesis for natural phenom that is supported with empirical data. viewed as a fact. |
| Biology | study of living things |
| Species | organisms that look alike and can produce fertile offspring |
| Metabolism | energy comes from food, |
| Reproduction | process by which organisms make more of their own kind |
| Experiment | planned procedure to test an hypothesis |
| Science | intellectuial activity, encompassing observation, description, experimentation, & explaination of natural phenomena; latin verb "to know" |
| scientific literacy | general, fact based understanding of the basics of biology and other sciences |
| biology literacy | ability to use process of scientific inquiry, communicate thoughts to others, integrate ideas |
| superstition | irrational belief that actions that are not logically related to a course of events can influence its outcome |
| empirical | knowledge based on experience and observations that are rational, testable, and repeatable |
| steps in scientific method | make observations, formulate hypothesis, devise a testible prediction, conduct a critical experiment, draw conclusions, repeat, make revisions, publish |
| null hypothesis | lack of relationship btwn 2 factors; easier to disapprove |
| critical experiment | after formulating a hypothesis that generates a testable prediction |
| placebo | pill that looks identical to the echinacea tablet but contained no echinacea |
| treatment | experimental condition applied to the research subjects |
| experimental groups | group of subjects exposed to particular treatment |
| variables | characteristis of an experimental system that are subject to change |
| placebo effect | responding to any treatment, need an appropriate control group |
| blind experimental design | subjects do not know which treatments if any, they are receiving |
| double-blind experimental design | neither subjects nor experimenter know which treatment a subject is receiving |
| randomized | randomly assigned into experimental and control groups |
| independent variable | created by the process observed and values cannot be controlled |
| statistics | analytical and mathematical tools to help researchers gain understanding from the data they gather |
| positive correlation | one variable increases, so does the other variable |
| pseudoscience | scientific sounding claims not supported by trustwrothy scientific studies (dentist/sugarless gum example) |
| anecdotal observations | concluding after one or few observations (autism example) |
| hierarchical organization | atoms (molecules), cells, tissues, organs, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems, biosphere |
| evolution | change in genetic characteristics w/ population over time |
| biology | scientific study of life |
| population | group of like organism (same species) in a given area |
| community | all the populations of all species living in a given area |
| ecosystem | community plus the physical and chemical environment (soil, water, air) |
| biosphere | region of earth and atmosphere that supports life from ocean bottom to atmosphere |
| ecology | branch of biology that investigates interactions and relationships btwn organism and environment |
| two processes of any ecosystem depend on | cycling nutrients and flow of energy |
| interdependencies of organisms | energy of sun, photosynthesizers, organisms |
| producers | plants produce food for themselves and other organisms |
| consumers | organisms that eat plants and other organisms |
| prokaryotic | before nucleus, no nucleus, bacteria |
| eukaryotic | new or good nucleus, contains organelles, everything except bacteria |
| language of DNA contains 4 letters | AGCT (adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine |
| 3 domains of life | bacteria, archaea (ancient bacteria), eukarya |
| prokaryotes | bacteria and archaea |
| eukarya - four kingdoms | protista, plantae, fungi, animalia |
| taxonomy - kingdom to species | kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species (KPCOFGS - King Phillip came over for green stamps) |
| natural selection | unequal reproductive success, mechanism of evolution |
| adaptation | product of natural selection |
| discovery science | collecting data based on observations and measurements to better understand structures |
| hypothesis-based science | scientific method |
Created by:
evroman
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