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Genetics Definitions
Genetics Vocabulary for Science Test 2/21/07
| Word | Answer |
|---|---|
| Allele | The different forms of a gene |
| Chromosome | A threadlike strand in the nucleus that controls cell activity and carries genetic materials to pass traits to offspring |
| Diploid Cell | A cell that has the same number of chromosomes as it's parent cell |
| Dominant | The strong form a gene that, when present, overrides any recessive gene |
| Gamete | A sex cell that unites with another to form a zygote |
| Genetics | The study of passing traits from one organism to the next |
| Gene | A unit of genetic material that determines the traits of an organism |
| Genotype | The gene combination that determines the phenotype |
| Haploid Cell | A cell that receives half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell |
| Heredity | Passing traits from a parent to an offspring |
| Heterozygous | An organism that has 2 different alleles for 1 trait |
| Homozygous | A purebred organism from generations of the same, unchanged trait |
| Hybrid | When a genotype is a combination of a dominant and recessive gene |
| Incomplete Dominance | When genes produce a trait in between those of the 2 parent traits |
| Inherit | To receive traits passed on by parents |
| Karyotype | A picture of all the pairs of chromosomes paired up and with their similar chromosome |
| Meiosis | A process of producing gametes with one set of unpaired chromosomes |
| Mendel | An Austrian monk that made the 1st detailed investigation of heredity in the 1860s |
| Mutation | A mistake in DNA or chromosomes in a body or sex cell |
| Pedigree | A look at how traits are inherited by generation |
| Phenotype | Traits that the organism really shows |
| Probability | The chance that a certain trait will be passed along from parent to offspring |
| Pure | Having the same, unchanged traits for generations |
| Recessive | The weak form of a gene that only shows up when dominant genes aren't present |
| Sex-linked Traits | A trait where the genes are located on the sex chromosome |
| Trait | Each form of a characteristic |
| Punnett Square | A grid used to show the gametes of each parent and possible offspring; a grid that indicates all the possible outcomes of a genetic cross |
| Carrier | Somebody who has a recessive trait hidden by a dominant trait |
Created by:
rozeepozee9893
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