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Microbiology
Microbe Virulence and Human Resistance chapter 24
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Relative power and degree of pathogenicity possessed by organisms to produce disease | virulence |
| condition characterized by the multiplication of bacteria in the blood and commonly known as blood poisoning | Septicemia |
| a foreign substance that stimulates the formation of antibodies that interact specifically with it | antigen |
| a living organism or an object that is capable of transmitting infections by carrying the disease agent on its external body part or surface | Mechanical vector |
| causative agent of leptospirosis | Leptospira |
| bacterial toxin confined within the body of a bacterium freed only when the bacterium is broken down; found only in gram negative bacteria | endotoxin |
| the natural habitat of a disease- causing organism | reservoir |
| causative agent of tetanus | Clostridium tetani |
| an organism that exists as part of the normal flora but may become pathogenic under certain conditions | opportunists |
| the organism from which a microorganism obtains its nourishment | host |
| infection caused by a different organism that the one causing the primary infection | secondary infection |
| originating outside the body, an organ, or a part of the body; | exogenous infection |
| causative agent of typhus fever | Rickettsia typhi |
| glycoprotein substances developed in response to and interacting specifically with an antigen | antibodies |
| one in which organisms are originally confined to one area but enter the blood or lymph vessel and spread to other parts of the body | focal infection |
| a poisonous substance of plant, animal, bacterial, or fungal origin | toxins |
| causative agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever | Rickettsia ricketsii |
| an arthropod in which the disease- causing organism multiplies or develops within the arthropod prior to becoming infective for a susceptible individual | biological vector |
| causative agent of plague | Yersima pestis |
| causative agent of food poisoning | Staphylococcus aureus |
| causative agent of botulism | Clostridium botulinum |
| causative agent of diphtheria | Corynebacterium diphtheriae |
| causative agent of pertussis | Bordetella pertussis |
| infection caused by two or more organisms | mixed infection |
| causative agent of parrot fever | Chlamydia psittaci |
| causative agent of Lyme disease | Borrelia burgdorferi |
| causative agent of anthrax | Bacillus anthracis |
| reducing or abolishing pathogenicity | attenuation dilution or weakening of the virulence of a microorganism |
| an original infection from which a second one originates | original infection |
| the state of producing or being able to produce pathological changes and disease | pathogenicity |
| a microorganism capable of producing disease | pathogen |
| microorganisms virulent enough to resist pharmaceuticals designed to reduce disease is reffered to as | drug- fast |
| infection caused by germs lodging and multiplying at one point in a tissue and remaining in that tissue | local infection |
| a toxin, generally a protein, produced by a microorganism and excreted into its surrounding medium | exotoxin |
| the act of introducing disease germs or infectious material into an area or substance is known as | contamination |
| causative agent of tularemia | Francisella tularensis |
| causative agent of cholera | Vibrio cholerae |
| the distribution throughout the body of poisonous products of bacteria growing in a focal or local site,producing generalized symptoms | toxemia |
| causative agent of Q fever | Coxiella burnetti |
| an infection that becomes systemic | general infection |
| guidelines designed to protect workers with occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens | Universal precautions |
| any inanimate object to which infectious material adheres and can be transmitted | indirect contact |
| an organism capable of producing disease | Pathogen |
| any inanimate objects which infectious material adheres and can be transmitted | Fomite ex: table scaples... |
| relatives powers and degree of pathogenicity possesed by organisms to produce disease | virulence |
| a marker on every cell icluding invading pathogens by which the body recognizes unknown cells or disese- causing organisms | Antigen |
| the organism from which a parasite obtains its nourishment | host |
| a chemical enzyme in the body that uses water to break down the peptidoglycan layer in prokaryatic pathogens | Lysozyme |
| the state or conditon in which the body or part of the body is invaded by a pathogenic agent that , under favorable conditions multiplies and produce injurious effects | infection |
| infection caused by bacteria that are normally nonpathogenic and that normally inhabit the digestive tract | endogenous infection |
| a carrier usually an insect or other arthropod , that transmits the the causative organisms of disease from infected individuals | vector |
| portal of exit and entry allow the spread of pathogens causing tetanus, malaria african sleeping sickkness , typhoid fever turberculosis, rabies dysentry typus fever and butonic plague | skin and mucous membranes |
| The four factors that influence the occurence of disease | 1) The virulence of the organisms 2)The portal of entry of the pathogen 3)the number of organisms present 4) the resistance of the host |
| organism that are noriginally confined to one area but enter the blood or lymph vessels and spred to other pars of the body | Focal infection |
| a general infection its also known as | systemic infection ex: Measles is a systemic infection |
| an acute infection is also known as | primary infection |
| the presence of VIRUSES in the blood | Viremia |
| the 3 mecanism of direct transmission of disease | 1) physical contact 2)droplet infection 3)congenital transmission |
| Mode of indirect transmissiom of disease | food, milk, fomites, water , soil, |
| disease that are communicable from animals | Zoonoses |
| Glycoprotein substance developed in response to, and interacting specifically with an antigen. Also known as immunoglobulin | antibody |
| A method of asexual reproduction in bacteria in which the cell splits into two parts, each of which develops into a complete individual. (simple transverse division | binary fission |
| An arthropod vector in which the disease causing organism multiplies or develops within the arthropod prior to becoming infective for a susceptible individual. | biological vector |
| five portals of entries and exit which pathogens may enter or exit the body | 1)the skin and mucous membranes 2)the respiratory tract 3)the digestive tract 4) the genitourinary tract 5) placenta |
| one of the most important and effective barriere against infection | skin |
| the process by which the epithelial layer of the skin continously dies and are replaced with new cells | necrobiosis mechanichal defense of the skin |
| Innate immunity is also known as | natural immunity |
| natural active immunity is the result | developing a disease and recovering from it |
| natural passive immunity is the result | of placental transfert of antibodies in the uterus ex mother to the child from breast milk |
| artificial passive immunity | the injection of antibodies in the forms of immune serums |
| artificial active immunity | result of receiving vaccination |
| the sum total of body mechanisms | resistance |
| the skin as a mechanical defense system known as | Necrobiosis |
| to remove foreign that matter that enter the body, the body initiates a physiologycal response known as | inflammation |
| chemicals capable of breaking down forein cells and debris | phagocytes |
| the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation | heat, swelling pain redness , loss of function |
| A disease that occurs continuously in a particular region but has low mortality | Epidemic |
| The state or condition in which the body or a part of it is invaded by pathogenic agents, that under favorable conditions, multiplies and produces injurious effects | Infection |
| A disease affecting the majority of the population of a large region or one that is epidemic at the same time in many different parts of the world | Pandemic |
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