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Lecture 1 8/26/11 E1
Introduction to Nutrition and Nutrients
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Why is Nutrition Important | -feed is a major expense (60-80% of total costs) -feed costs have increased over the past few years -genetics of animals are changing -environmental impact |
Feeds | materials fed to livestock which contain life sustaining nutrients |
Feeding | the process of consuming feed by animals or the process of providing feed to animals |
Diet | the makeup of the feed given to an animal |
Ration | amount of feed provided (often interchangable with diet) |
Nutrition | the act or process of nourishing or being nourished |
Nutrient | a nutritive substance or ingredient |
6 Nutrient Categories | -water -protein -carbohydrates -lipids -vitamins -minerals |
Lind | -1753 -published treatise on scurvy and citrus fruit -british started including citrus on naval (limey) |
Antoine Lavoisier | -late 1700s -carbon dioxide in human respiration (metabolism) -invented the first calorimeter to measure heat production by an animal |
Megendie | -1816 -fed foods without nitrogen to dogs -resulted in death after ~1 month |
3 Major Roles of Nutrients | -regulation of processes (signaling) -structural components -energy (stored in chemical bonds; used for maintenance, production, activity, etc.) |
Goals of Animal Nutrition | -meet the needs of the animals for stated production goals -maintain animal health -minimize costs of production (may not be consistent with maximum efficiency) -ingredients used must be appropriate for the animals for which the diets are developed |
Nutrient Composition of Green Corn Plant | -water: 70% -carbohydrate: 25% -protein: 2.5% -ash: 1.7% -fat: 0.8% |