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Test-3-Physiology

Neurophysiology - Action Potentials

QuestionAnswer
what are 6 types of Neuroglial Cells? Hint 4 are in the CNS and 2 in the PNS. CNS: Oligodendrocytes, Astrocytes, Microglia, Ependymal Cells //// PNS: Schwann Cells and Satellite Cells
Of the 6 types of Neuroglial cell which ones form myelin for the PNS and CNS? CNS: Oligodendrocytes //// PNS: Schwann Cells
Astrocytes help form the blood brain barrier (BBB), but what else do they do with in the CNS? Nourish the Neurons
What neuron is only located in the CNS, efferent, afferent, oligodendrocytes, or Interneurons? InterNeurons
Cellular charge difference is the ratio of what two things? ECF:ICF
By convention the ECF is considered the ground and has what charge in mV? 0
All cells have electrical properties but not all can transmit electrical impulses, true or false? TRUE
A neuron at Rest has more or less Na, K, and Cl inside the cell? MORE - K (155mM) // LESS - Na (10mM), and Cl (7mM)
Energy is not required for an axon potential, true or false? True - its diffusion
At rest what is the Na and K gradient? Na Negative 130 mV, and K is positive 20 mV
Which Ion channel Opens and closes slowly? K. //// Na - Open and inactivate very rapidly (ball and chain looking thing moves to open and inactivate Na channels)
Why does the cell dip below resting potential when repolarization occurs? Persistent current through SLOWLY closing voltage gated K channels allows K to keep coming into cell. Does not have "ball and chain" like sodium to close quickly.
During what refractory period can a greater than normal stimulus cause an action potential? Relative refractory period. The distance to threshold is higher membrane is hyperpolarized (more negative), this is why it would take a greater stimulus.
When can no stimulus trigger an Action Potential? Absolute or Relative refractory period? Absolute Refractory Period.
During relative refractory period what kind of stimulus would you need to cause firing of the nerve? Increased compared to normal.
When action potentials jump from one node to the next as they propagate along a myelinated axon is called what kind of conduction? Saltatory Conduction
The propagation of the action potential from the dendritic to the axon terminal end is one way why? Because of the ABSOLUTE refractory period. Impulse can only move one way.
When more then one nerve affects one nerve this is referred to as? Convergence.//// Divergence is just the opposite (one nerve depolarizes many nerves).
To terminate a signal in the chemical synapse the neurotransmitter must be removed, what three things happen to accomplish this? 1.Diffusion of trans from the cleft /// 2.Degradation of the transmitter by enzymes /// 3.Reuptake into the pre-synaptic cells for reuse.
What are neurotransmitters produced and stored in? Vesicles at the axon terminal.
When the cell is stimulated what happens to Ca levels at the axon terminal? Ca levels INCREASE into axon to stimulated vesicles to translocate and bind to the plasma membrane via SNARE proteins & exocytosed into synaptic space.
Membran potential of a real neuron typically undergo many EPSPs (excitatory PostSynaptic Potentials) and IPSPs, true or false? True
Until threshold is reached its all about what kind of gated channels? Compared to once threshold is reached and rapid Voltage-gated Na open to initiate an Action Potential. Mechanical or Ligand gated channels
Created by: cmuox2000
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