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Chapter 7

ALL vocab from chapter 7

QuestionAnswer
cells collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that seperates the cell from its surroundings; basic unit of all forms of life
cell theory idea that all living are composed of cells
nucleus the center of the atom which contains the protons and neutrons;in cells, structure that contains the cells genetic material (DNA) and controls the cells functions
Eukaryotes organism whose cells contain nuclei
Prokaryotes unicellular organism lacking a nucleus
organelles specialized structures that performs important cellular functions within a eukryotic cell
cytoplasm material inside the cell membrane- not including the nucleus
nuclear envelope layer of two membranes that surrounds the nucleus of a cell
chromatin granular material visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins
chromosome threadlike sturcture within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next
nucleolus small, dense region within most nuclei in which the assembly of proteins begins
ribosomes small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm
endoplasmic reticulum the internal membrane system of eukraryotic cells
golgi apperatus an organelle that appears as a stack of closely apposed membrane
lysosomes small organelles fill with enzymes
vacuoles cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates
mitochondria organelles that conver the chemical energy stored in food into compounds the cell can use
chloroplast organelle that capture the energy from the sunlight and converts it into chemical energy
cytoskeleton network of protein filaments within some cells that helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved in many forms pf cell movements
centriole one of two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animals cells near the nuclear envolope
cell membrane thin, flexable barrier aroud a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell
cell wall strong, supporting layer aroundthe cell membrane in plants, algea, and some bacteria
lipid bilayer double-layered sheet that forms the core of nearly all cell membranes
concentraion the mass of solute in a given volume of solution, or mass/volume
diffusion process in which particles move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
equilibrium the state in which the concentration of a solute is the same throughout a system
osmosis the diffusion of water throughout a selectively permable membrane
isotonic when the concentration of two solutions is the same
hypertonic when comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes
hypotonic when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentratipn of solutes
facilated diffusion movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels
active transport energy required process that moves materila across a cell membreane against a concentration difference
endocytosis the proces by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding the cell membrane
phagocytosis "cell eating"- extensions of cytoplasm surrounding a particle and package it within a food valcule
pinocytosis the process in which a cell takes in liquid from his surrounding enviroment
exocytosis process by which a cell released large amounts of material
cell specialization the process in which cells develop in diffrent ways to preform diffrent tasks
tissue group of similar cells that preform a particular function
organ group of tissue that work together to perform a specific function
organ system system of organs that work together
Created by: mking1000
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