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Chp 1 Psych
The Science of Psychology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Physiological Psychology | Examines the physiological basis of behavior |
| Comparative Psychology | The study of the behavior of members of a variety of species in an attempt to explain behaviors in terms of evolutionary adaptations to the environment. |
| Behavioral Genetics | Studies the role of genetics in behavior. |
| Casual Events | Events that cause other events to happen (including behavior). |
| Cognitive Neuroscience | Attempts to discover the particular brain mechanisms responsible for cognitive processes. |
| Developmental Psychology | The study of changes in behavioral, perceptual, cognitive, social, and emotional capacities of organisms as a function of age and experience. |
| Social Psychology | The study of the effects people have on one another's behavior. |
| Cognitive Psychology | The study of mental processes and complex behaviors such as perception, attention, learning and memory, verbal behavior. |
| Evolutionary Psychology | The branch of psych that explains behavior in terms of adaptive advantages that specific behavior provided during the evolution of a species. |
| Clinical Psychology | Devoted to the investigation and treatment of abnormal behavior and mental disorders. |
| Organizational Psychology | Focused on group type settings. Takes theories research and intervention and communication strategies and applies them to both work and non work settings. |
| Rene Descartes | Father of modern philosophy and a biological tradition that led to modern physiological psychology. Advocated a rationalistic approach. Believed that the body was a machine affected by natural causes that produced natural effects. |
| John Locke | Took Descartes analysis one step farther and did not exempt the mind from the laws of the material universe. (empiricism). |
| Empiricism | View that all knowledge is obtained through observation and experience. |
| Materialism | View that reality can be known only through understanding of the physical world, of which the mind is a part. |
| Paul Broca | Discovered that the left side of the cerebral cortex was responsible for speech. |
| Determinism | The doctrine that behavior is the result of prior events. |
| Introspection | Looking within in an attempt to describe memories, perceptions, cognitive processes, or motivations. |
| Charles Darwin | Theory said that evolution occurred in response to the natural selection of inheritable traits. Suggested that scientists could best explain behavior by understanding its role in the adaption to its environment. Root of Functionalism. |
| Behaviorism | Stemmed from John B. Watsons book Psychology from the standpoint of a behaviorist. Asserts that only proper subject matter for scientific study in psych is observable behavior. |
| Information Processing | Used by cognitive psychologists to explain the workings of the brain, information received by the senses is processed by systems of neurons in the brain. |
| Donald Hebb | Suggested several simple principles by which the nervous system organized itself into special circuits that could represent mental activity. |
| Rationalism | Belief that reality consists of mind and matter. |
| John Dewey | Argued education must match the way children's abilities develop. Progressive Education. |
| Maria Montessori | Developed Montessori Method, based on belief that children matured through stages, provide exercises that match competency of the child at that stage. |
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