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Concentrated Urine
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Renal
BC3 - Renal Patho info Adult 1 Mr. Justice (Andrea,Wendy,Tonya)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Pale Urine | would have a low specific gravity |
| Concentrated Urine | would have a high specific gravity |
| Urine Protein | 0-18mg/dl |
| Urine pH | 4.0-8.0 |
| RBC | 0-4 hpf |
| WBC | 0-5 hpf |
| Elevated BUN indicates | Kidney problems |
| Serum BUN | 8-25 mg/dl |
| Serum Creatinine | 0.6-1.5 |
| Potassium | 3.5-5.5mEq/L |
| Characteristics of normal urine | clear, straw-amber in color, minimal odor |
| If urine smells chemically | think meds |
| If urine smells like ammonia | too much urea - possible liver issues |
| If urine smells foul | think infection |
| If there is glucose present in urine | sugar is too high |
| If ketones are present in urine | proteins are breaking down |
| GFR is normally | 125 ml/min |
| Normal urinary output should be | no less than 30cc/hr |
| If mild renal impairment exists, urinary output should be | no less than 20cc/hr |
| Where do loop diuretics work | in the Loop of Henle |
| Proximal tubule secretes | creatinine & hydrogen |
| Ascending Loop of Henle reabsorbs | Na & Cl |
| The descending Loop of Henle reabsorbs | water |
| Loop Diuretics are also | Non-potassium sparing |
| Loop Diuretics block the reabsorption of | Na, Cl, Water, and increase secretion of K |
| Distal tubule secrets | K, Ammonia, H |
| parathyroid = | calcium reuptake |
| Thiazide Diuretics are not | K sparing |
| Where do thiazide diuretics work | distal tubule |
| What do Thiazide diuretics block | Na reabsorption |
| ACE Inhibitors act on | the kidneys not the heart |
| Angiotensin II receptors | block the receptor sites |
| Renin-Angiotensin - Aldosterone System | body's regulatory method for BP |
| Aldosterone effects occur in the distal tubule by | Na reabsorbtion and exchanged for K |
| Renin is important for | regulating BP |
| Erythropoietin | production of blood |
| Erythropoietin is released | in response to hypoxia or decreased renal blood flow |
| Vit D deficiency r/t renal failure | manifested by inability to absorb calcium from the GI tract; creates imbalance r/t phosphate |
| Characteristics of calcium oxalate stones | small, often possible to get trapped in ureter; more frequent in men than women |
| Predisposing factors of calcium oxalate stones | idiopathic hypercalciuria, jyperoxaluria, independent of urinary pH, family history |
| Characteristics of calcium phosphate stones | Mixed stones (typically), with struvite or oxalate stones |
| Predisposing factors of calcium phosphate stones | Alkaline urine, primary hyperparathyroidism |
| Characteristics of struvite stones | Three to four times as common in women than men, always in assoc with UTI's, large staghorn type (usually) |
| Predisposing factors of struvite stones | UTI's |
| Characteristics of Uric acid stones | Predominant in men, high incidence in Jewish men |
| Characteristics of cystine stones | genetic autosomal recessive defect, defective absorption of cystine in GI tract and kidney, causing stone formation |
| Predisposing factors of cystine stones | acid urine |
Created by:
okrecota
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