BC3 - Renal Patho info Adult 1 Mr. Justice (Andrea,Wendy,Tonya)
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| Pale Urine | would have a low specific gravity
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| Concentrated Urine | would have a high specific gravity
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| Urine Protein | 0-18mg/dl
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| Urine pH | 4.0-8.0
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| RBC | 0-4 hpf
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| WBC | 0-5 hpf
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| Elevated BUN indicates | Kidney problems
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| Serum BUN | 8-25 mg/dl
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| Serum Creatinine | 0.6-1.5
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| Potassium | 3.5-5.5mEq/L
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| Characteristics of normal urine | clear, straw-amber in color, minimal odor
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| If urine smells chemically | think meds
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| If urine smells like ammonia | too much urea - possible liver issues
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| If urine smells foul | think infection
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| If there is glucose present in urine | sugar is too high
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| If ketones are present in urine | proteins are breaking down
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| GFR is normally | 125 ml/min
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| Normal urinary output should be | no less than 30cc/hr
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| If mild renal impairment exists, urinary output should be | no less than 20cc/hr
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| Where do loop diuretics work | in the Loop of Henle
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| Proximal tubule secretes | creatinine & hydrogen
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| Ascending Loop of Henle reabsorbs | Na & Cl
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| The descending Loop of Henle reabsorbs | water
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| Loop Diuretics are also | Non-potassium sparing
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| Loop Diuretics block the reabsorption of | Na, Cl, Water, and increase secretion of K
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| Distal tubule secrets | K, Ammonia, H
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| parathyroid = | calcium reuptake
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| Thiazide Diuretics are not | K sparing
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| Where do thiazide diuretics work | distal tubule
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| What do Thiazide diuretics block | Na reabsorption
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| ACE Inhibitors act on | the kidneys not the heart
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| Angiotensin II receptors | block the receptor sites
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| Renin-Angiotensin - Aldosterone System | body's regulatory method for BP
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| Aldosterone effects occur in the distal tubule by | Na reabsorbtion and exchanged for K
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| Renin is important for | regulating BP
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| Erythropoietin | production of blood
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| Erythropoietin is released | in response to hypoxia or decreased renal blood flow
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| Vit D deficiency r/t renal failure | manifested by inability to absorb calcium from the GI tract; creates imbalance r/t phosphate
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| Characteristics of calcium oxalate stones | small, often possible to get trapped in ureter; more frequent in men than women
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| Predisposing factors of calcium oxalate stones | idiopathic hypercalciuria, jyperoxaluria, independent of urinary pH, family history
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| Characteristics of calcium phosphate stones | Mixed stones (typically), with struvite or oxalate stones
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| Predisposing factors of calcium phosphate stones | Alkaline urine, primary hyperparathyroidism
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| Characteristics of struvite stones | Three to four times as common in women than men, always in assoc with UTI's, large staghorn type (usually)
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| Predisposing factors of struvite stones | UTI's
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| Characteristics of Uric acid stones | Predominant in men, high incidence in Jewish men
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| Characteristics of cystine stones | genetic autosomal recessive defect, defective absorption of cystine in GI tract and kidney, causing stone formation
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| Predisposing factors of cystine stones | acid urine
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