Help
Options
Question
Components of Blood
click to flip
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't know
Question
Plasma
Remaining cards (60)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Hematology
BC3 - Hematology Info
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Components of Blood | Plasma, Serum, Additional cellular elements |
| Plasma | liquid portion of blood; proteins, lytes, clotting factor but mostly water |
| Serum | Clotting factor is removed; pale yellow |
| Cellular Elements of Blood | Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, Platelets |
| Erythrocytes | RBC - carry O2 & CO2 - help buffer; bioconcave disc shaped; flexible to squeeze; should be bright red and all one size |
| Leukocytes | WBC - defense against infection |
| Platelets | clotting - pieces of cells |
| Erythropoiseis | formation of RBC's ; made in the kidneys; produced when the kidneys detect hypoxia |
| Reticulocytes | Immature RBC's; initially made |
| Lifespan of a RBC | 120 days |
| Hemolysis occurs | in the spleen, liver, bone marrow, and lymph nodes; broken down & phagocytized |
| Bilirubin | breakdown product of blood (by-product) |
| Neutrophils | First to arrive; involved in bacterial infection; Produced in 7-14 days; Remain in circulation for 6 hours - very short lived |
| Eosinophils | do not respond to bacterial or viral infection; Allergic response |
| Basophils | Allergic/Inflammatory; Parasitic - do not respond to bacterial or viral infection |
| Monocytes | BIG CELLS - arive 2nd; Can leave circulation and enter tissue - become macrophages |
| Platelets are necessary for | coagulation - they plug holes in body to stop bleeding; made in bone marrow |
| Function of the spleen | Produces RBC's for fetus; Filter - removes old RBC's; Recycles Iron; Stores lymphocytes and monocytes; Stores platelets |
| If spleen is enlarged, it is | under ribs - enlarges downward under left rib cage |
| Lymph System includes | capillaries, ducts, lymph nodes |
| Function of the Lymph System | Carrie fluid from interstitial spaces to blood; Duct empty to veins; Nodes filter bacteria and foreign particles |
| Function of the Liver | Filters dead RBC; Procoagulants - produces clotting factors |
| Geriatric Considerations | tend to loose reserve capacity and RBC's become fragile & don't live long - become anemic; WBC's don't respond as well; have chronic illness = anemia; |
| Children Considerations | RBC's have short life span - don't have same reserve as adults; Inc level of RBC in infants r/t inc need for O2; Increased role of spleen - changes to bone marrow; Newborns & Infants have ^WBC counts |
| Components of a CBC | RBC, Hgb, Hct, Reticulocyte count |
| Components of Differential | MCV, MCH, RBC wt, MCHC, RDW |
| RBC count | 4.7-6.1 in males 4.2-5.4 in females |
| Hgb | 13.5-17.5 in males 11.5-15.5 in females |
| Hct | 40-52 in males 36-48 in females |
| When is a blood transfusion indicated (usually) | Hgb < 8 |
| What happens to Hct if patient is dehydrated | elevates |
| What happens to Hct if patient is over hydrated | decreases |
| If neutrophils are low... | patient may need to be on isolation; neutropenic precautions |
| MCV | mean corpuscular volume |
| What is MCV | average cell volume - size "how big"; important for anemia dx |
| MCH | mean corpuscular hemoglobin |
| What is MCH | average cell hemoglobin - dec MCH=dec Hgb |
| RBC weight | weighs the iron in a cell (iron weighs alot) |
| MCHC | ratio of amount of Hgb in cell to volume - proportion; ^MCHC = too much iron; dec MCHC = dec iron |
| RDW | RBC Distribution Width; should be uniform - if ^, something wrong with RBC, possibly anemia |
| Differential Shift refers to | white cells |
| If Bands are immature | immature WBC's - similar to stab cells |
| "Shift to the left" | more immature than mature (acute) |
| If a "shift to the left" is ongoing | indicates an acute bacterial infection |
| Mature Neurtophils indicate a | chronic problem |
| "Shift to the right" indicates | ongoing - increase infection, inflammation, tissue necrosis, leukemic neoplasis, also trauma/stress |
| Sed rate is (def) | the rate at which RBC's settle in solution( |
| What is sed rate used for | a screening tool or to monitor course of illness |
| Increased sed rate can indicate | Inflammation, neoplasm, infection, necrosis |
| What do you worry about with giving a patient blood | the antibody |
| If a patient has Type A blood they have | A antigen; B antibody |
| If a patient has Type B blood they have | B antigen; A antibody |
| If a patient has AB blood they have | A +B antigens; no antibodies |
| Type AB blood is the universal | recipient |
| A patient that has Type O blood has | neither A nor B antigens; A and B antibodies |
| O blood is the universal | donor |
| What is an antigen | something that triggers and immune response |
| Bone Marrow Examinations | iliac crest; done at the bedside; painful - at risk for bleeding; patient is to ly still and apply pressure for 5-10 minutes |
| Normocytic, Normochromic | Normal cell - Normal color; could indicate lost blood |
| Macrocytic, Normochromic | Big cell - normal color; Not hemoglobin or Fe problem; elevated MCV |
| Microcytic, Jypochromic | Small cells - pale color; Could indicate Fe deficiency anemia; decreased MCV |
Created by:
okrecota
Popular Nursing sets