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Chapter Review
Genetics
| Term(s) / Question | Description(s) / Answer |
|---|---|
| Structural Adaptation | bird's beak shape, coloration, seed structure based on dispersal |
| Behavioral Adaptation | Running from predator, hibernation, Aestivation, playing possum |
| Genetic Trait | can be changed by mutation (which leads to evolution), selective breeding, and natural selection |
| Genes | Genetic traits are formed by the environment and ____ |
| Charles Darwin | __ was an English scientist of hte 1800's. His job on the Beagle was to learn as much as he could about the living things he saw on the voyage. |
| Food, water, living space | When members of a species compete, what do they compete for? |
| Species | A(n) ___ is a group of similar organisms that can mate with one another and produce fertile offspring |
| Adaptation | A(n) ___ is a trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce |
| Theory | A scientific ___ is a well- tested concept that explains a wide range of observations. |
| Natural Selection | The process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce is called ___ |
| Variation | That some newly hatched turtles can swim faster than others of the same species is evidence of ___ within the species. |
| Segregation | Each parent passing only one allele for a trait to it's offspring is known as ___ |
| Dominant | A trait seen in each gereration is ___ |
| Pea | Mendel worked with ___ plants to learn about heredity. |
| Adaptions | Darwin's theory proposes that changes happen from generation to generation from ___ of an organism to the environment |
| External | The temperature in which an organism lives is an example of a(n) ___ environmental influence |
| Extinction | Sometimes, ___ occurs because of the destrution of a habitat |
| Offspring | The outcome of 2 parents reproducing is an ___ |
| Internal | examples of __: mutation, genotype |
| External | examples of __: temperature, sunlight, amount of food |
| Alfred Russell Wallace | theory: evolution by natural selection |
| Gregor Mendel | theory: principle of dominance |
| Reginald C. Punnett | theory: Punnett squares |
| Mendel's law | alleles for 1 trait do not have an affect on how alleles fora another trait are inherited |
| Traits | features an organism inherits from its parents |
| Dominant | these alleles show their effect on the phenotype whenever they are present in the genotype |
| Phenootype | combination of actual genetic makeup and the environmental effect on that makeup |
| Genotype | an organism's genetic makeup |
| genetics | science of heredity |
| extinction | the demise of an entire species |
| mutation | change in DNA that forms new alleles |
| evolution | change in the genetics of a species over time |
| natual selection | organisms that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce at a greater rate than organisms that are not |
| adaptive radiation | production of several specties from one ancestral species is called __ |
| What happens when a species overproduce offspring? | food and other resources are limited so many individuals of a species will not survive to reproduce |
| Suppose a variation makes an individual member of a species better adapted to its environment, how might that variation affect the individual's reproduction? | If the variation makes the individual member better adapted the environment, then it will more likely survive to reproduce offspring. |
| How does the environment "select" organisms? | The environment "selects" organisms that are better adaptedto their environment thus have a better chance to survive and reproduce. |
| How do helpful variations accumulate in a species over time? | Helpful variations accumulate through natural selection, as the organisms that are better adapted th their environment reproduce offspring with the same variations. |
| Why can only the traits controlled by genes be acted upon by natural selection? | Only genes are passed from parents to their offspring. |
| How might the isolation of a group result in a new species? | If a group is isolated from the rest of the species long enough to evolve different traits, a new specties could evolve. |
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cococutie428
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