These questions focus on the environmental stimuli that trigger a behavior and the genetic/ physiological/ anatomical mechanisms that govern the behavior.

These questions address the evolutionary significance of behavioral responses.

A sequence of unlearned behavioral acts that is essentially unchangeable and is usually carried to completion. An example is a red object prompting the male stickleback’s aggressive behavior.

A loss of responsiveness to stimuli that convey little or no information.

A type of behavior that includes both learning and innate components and is generally irreversible. In this behavior, the young offspring can be taught to follow something other than the parent.

A more or less automatic, oriented movement toward or away from some stimulus.

A simple change in activity in response to some stimulus.

Types of animal communication

1. Visual 2. Chemical 3. Tactile 4. Auditory

Chemical substances important in animal communication.

A type of learning in which behavior if modified based on experience with the spatial structure of an environment.

A type of learning in which the animals match one feature of the environment (a stimulus, such as color) with another (such as taste).

The modification of behavior as a result of specific experiences.

Optimal foraging theory

Views feeding behavior as a compromise between the benefits of nutrition and the costs of obtaining food.

A type of relationship that involves one male mating with one female.

A type of relationship that involves an individual of one sex mating with several of another sex.

A relationship involving one male and many females.

A relationship involving one female and many males.

A method that evaluates alternative strategies in situations where the outcome depends not only on each individual’s strategy but also on the strategies of other individuals.

A behavior that may reduce an individual’s fitness but increase the fitness of other individuals in the population.

When individuals in a population copy the mate choice of others, instead of some generally preferred type.

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Chap. 51 Animal Beha

Campbell Biology Chapter 51: Animal Behavior

Question	Answer
Proximate	These questions focus on the environmental stimuli that trigger a behavior and the genetic/ physiological/ anatomical mechanisms that govern the behavior.
Ultimate	These questions address the evolutionary significance of behavioral responses.
Fixed action pattern	A sequence of unlearned behavioral acts that is essentially unchangeable and is usually carried to completion. An example is a red object prompting the male stickleback’s aggressive behavior.
Habituation	A loss of responsiveness to stimuli that convey little or no information.
Imprinting	A type of behavior that includes both learning and innate components and is generally irreversible. In this behavior, the young offspring can be taught to follow something other than the parent.
Taxis	A more or less automatic, oriented movement toward or away from some stimulus.
Kinesis	A simple change in activity in response to some stimulus.
Types of animal communication	1. Visual 2. Chemical 3. Tactile 4. Auditory
Pheromones	Chemical substances important in animal communication.
Spatial learning	A type of learning in which behavior if modified based on experience with the spatial structure of an environment.
Associative learning	A type of learning in which the animals match one feature of the environment (a stimulus, such as color) with another (such as taste).
Learning	The modification of behavior as a result of specific experiences.
Optimal foraging theory	Views feeding behavior as a compromise between the benefits of nutrition and the costs of obtaining food.
Monogamous	A type of relationship that involves one male mating with one female.
Polygamous	A type of relationship that involves an individual of one sex mating with several of another sex.
Polygyny	A relationship involving one male and many females.
Polyandry	A relationship involving one female and many males.
Game theory	A method that evaluates alternative strategies in situations where the outcome depends not only on each individual’s strategy but also on the strategies of other individuals.
Altruism	A behavior that may reduce an individual’s fitness but increase the fitness of other individuals in the population.
Mate choice copying	When individuals in a population copy the mate choice of others, instead of some generally preferred type.

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