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Veterinary Osteopath
VETERINARY-Metabolic bone diseases
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Metabolic bone disease is also referred to as... | ...osteodystrophies |
| Name the 3 categories of metabolic bone disease | 1)Rickets/osteomalacia 2)Fibrous osteodystrophy 3)Osteoporosis |
| What might be the first indication an animal has osteoporosis? | Spontaneous fracture |
| Corticosteroids, GI parasitism, inflammatory bowel disease, and disuse can all be possible causes of osteoporosis. True of False? | True |
| Copper deficiency can cause osteoporosis. True of False? | True |
| How does GI parasitism cause osteoporosis? | Some nematodes may induce phosphorus deficiency or reduce the availability of protein + energy for bone production |
| Inflammatory bowel disease in dogs causes osteoporosis by decreasing the absorption of Ca +/- vitamin D from the gut. True of False | This is a possibility because the true mechanism by which this occurs is not yet fully understood |
| How do corticosteroids cause osteoporosis? | Corticosteroids inhibit osteoblast differentiation and collagen synthesis |
| Describe the 4 main pathological points of osteoporosis. | 1) Bones retain normal shape 2) Trabecular bone depleted first 3) Lesions often most prominent in bones consisting predominantly of cancellous bone (vertebrae) 4) Thin cortices in advanced stages |
| Osteomalacia occurs in young animals whereas rickets usually occurs in older animals. True of False? | False-Rickets usually occurs in younger animals with open physes and osteomalacia is more common in older animals |
| Describe the pathogenesis of rickets/osteomalacia | Defective mineralisation of physeal cartilage at sites of endochondral ossification and of newly formed osteoid |
| Rickets/osteomalacia are caused from a deficiency of vitamin D +/- phosphorus. True or False | True |
| Describe the gross pathology of rickets | 1) Irregular thickening of rapidly growing physes 2) Similar lesions beneath articular cartilage in some cases 3) Enlarged costochondral junctions "rachitic rosary" |
| What developmental joint disease could be mistaken for rickets/osteomalacia? | Osteochondrosis |
| Describe the gross pathology of osteomalacia | 1)Lesions are largely confined to cortical bone 2) Pathological fractures common in advanced cases |
| What is the metabolic bone disease characterised by extensive bone resorption and replacement with fibrous tissue and immature (woven) bone? | Fibrous osteodystrophy |
| Fibrous osteodystrophy is usually caused by either primary or secondary hyperparathyroidism. True or False? | True-although primary hyperparathyroidism is rare in dogs |
| Name the 2 categories of secondary hyperparathyroidism | 1) Renal 2) Nutritional |
| Describe the pathology of fibrous osteodystrophy | 1)Prolonged bone resorption + replacement fibrosis leads to swelling + weakening of affected bones 2) Skull bones may be swollen 3) Subchondral bone in major limb joints may collapse 4)Physes are of normal thickness (unlike rickets + osteochondrosis) |
| Fibrous osteodystrophy can cause 'rubber jaw' in dogs. True or False? | True |
Created by:
vincentsvet
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