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positive punishment
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3590 exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Learning? | A relatively permanent change in behaviour that occurs through experience |
| positive punishment | adds unwelcomed consequence |
| Systematic desensitization | an anxiety-reducing method attained by associating deep relaxation with successive visualizations of increasingly anxiety-provoking situation E.g., eliminating phobias |
| Observational Learning | Attention, Retention, Motor Reproduction, Reinforcement or incentive conditions |
| Thinking | manipulating and transforming information in memory, often to from concepts. reason, think critically and solve problems |
| concepts | categories used to group objects, events and characteristics based on common properties |
| interference theory | theory that suggest we forget when other information getting in the way of what we are trying to remember vs losing memories from storage |
| Atkinson-Shiffrin model | states that memory involves a sequence of three stages: sensory memory, short-term memory (working memory) and long-term memory. |
| Declarative memory or explicit memory | the conscious recollection of information, such as specific facts or events that can be verbally communicated. |
| Procedural memory or implicit memory | knowledge in the form of skills and cognitive operations. |
| episodic memory | the retention of information about the where and when of life's happenings |
| Semantic memory | Student's general knowledge about the world |
| Semantic and episodic memory match with | Declarative (explicit) |
| script | a schema for an event |
| Retrieval: Serial position effect | Recall is better for items at the beginning and end of a list that for items in the middle |
| Primacy effect | items at the beginning of a list tend to be remembered |
| recency effect | items at the end of a list tend to be remembered |
| Forgetting: Cue-dependent forgetting | retrieval failure caused by a lack of effective retrieval cues |
| inductive reasoning | reasoning from the specific to the general |
| deductive reasoning | reasoning from the general to the specific |
| Critically thinking | thinking reflectively and productively and evaluating the evidence |
| algorithms | strategies that guarantee a solution to a problem ie, formulas, instructions, and tests |
| Heuristics | strategies or guidelines that can suggest a solution to a problem by do not guarantee a solution |
| Near transfer | transfer the occurs when situations are very similar |
| Far transfer | transfer of learning to a situation that is very different from the one in which the initial learning took place |
| Low-road transfer | transfer that occurs when previous leaning is transferred to another situation automatically and often unconsciously |
| high-road transfer | transfer that is conscious and effortful |
| Metacongnitive knowledge | monitoring and reflecting on one's current or recent thoughts |
| meracognitive activity | consciously adaptiing and managing thinking stragegies during problem solving and purposeful thinkign |
Created by:
jgiraudy
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