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PHHS - APHUG Unit 4

PHHS - APHUG: Important vocab for Unit 4 - Political Geography

Question	Answer
study of the political organization of the planet	political geography
concept of controlling and protecting territory that is yours	territoriality
final authority over a territory's political affairs	sovereignty
a population that shares a similar culture	nation
a politically organized territory that has a sovereign government	state
an internal divison of a state	State, Province, Canton, Prefecture, etc
stateless nation	a nation that does not have a government that represents their interests
nation-state	a state that is dominated by a single cultural (ethnic) group
key event leading to the formation of modern states in Europe	Norman Invasion of England, 1066
concept of two or more sovereign states uniting for a common purpose	supranationalism
organization for international diplomacy; most of the world's sovereign states are members	United Nations
organization in Europe to benefit the member countries economically	European Union
catergorizing and analyzing countries based on their size, shape, and relative location	territorial morphology
country where the distance from the center to all borders is approximately the same	compact state
country that is divided up into two or more pieces	fragmented state
country that is "stretched"; has a long, thin shape	elongated state
country that has an extension, or "arm", off of a compact core	prorupt state
country that has a hole in it, caused by another state or physical feature	perforated state
state that has no access to an ocean or open sea	landlocked state
small outlier of territory separated from a state by the territory of another state	exclave
a piece of territory completely surrounded by the territory of one separate sovereign state	enclave
a state with a very small land area	microstate
step 1 of the boundary creation process; both states argree where the boundary is located	definition
step 2 of the boundary creation process; cartographers add the new boundary on maps	delimitation
step 3 of the boundary creation process; the boundary is visually indentified on the earth's surface (optional)	demarcation
a boundary that is a straight line	geometric boundary
a boundary that is formed by a naturally occuring feature	physical-political boundary (or natural-political boundary)
a boundary that separates cultural groups	cultural-political boundary
a boundary has existed before the present cultural landscape (before modern-day countries)	antecedent boundary
a boundary that has changed greatly over time	subsequent boundary
a boundary that is laid over top of a single, unified cultural landscape	superimposed boundary
a boundary that no longer exists but still affects the culture	relict boundary
a boundary dispute over the legal language and interpretation of the boundary definition agreement	definitional boundary dispute
a boundary dispute over the delimitation or demarcation of the boundary	locational boundary dispute
a boundary dispute over movement across the boundary	operational boundary dispute
a boundary dispute over a natural resource located on the boundary	allocational boundary dispute
rule by a sovereign power over a foreign people and place	colonialism
colonialism where the mother country takes advantage of the colonial territory, mostly for natural resources and other economic gain	imperialism
the interaction between countries in relation to where they are located	geopolitics
founded by Sir Halford Mackinder; states that control of central Asia was most important to control Eurasia and the world	Heartland Theory
founded by Nicholas Spykman; stated that control of the lands on the edge of the Eurasian continent was most important to control Eurasia and the world	Rimland Theory
founded by Saul Cohen; stated that geopolitical breakdowns during the Cold War were likely to occur in the edge of Eurasia, or the "Inner Crescent"	Shatterbelt Theory
an area that contains a state's major cities, population cluster, economic activity, and transportation infrastructure	core area
a state with more than one core area	multi-core state
a city where a country's government is located	capital
a capital city that is moved to help achieve some type of national objective (often to assert land claims)	forward capital
the city that is by far the largest, most powerful, most influential city in a state	primate city
a state government type where the central government possess all sovereignty	unitary government
a state government type where sovereignty is shared between the central government and the regional governments that make up the state's internal divisions	federal government
redistricting for advantage	gerrymandering
forces that unite the population of a country	centripetal forces
forces that divide the population of a country	centrifugal forces
unit that is equal to 1.15 statute (land) miles	nautical mile
area of sea adjacent to a country's coast extending 12 nautical miles. All of the country's laws apply	territorial sea
area of sea outside of all territorial seas. Admiralty Law is in effect	"High Seas" or international waters
area of sea extending 200 nautical miles from a country's coast. That country has rights to all economic activities in this area	exclusive economic zone (EEZ)
series of conventions that establish the rules governing modern-day sea boundaries	United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)
principle used to divide sea territory when two state's EEZs overlap	median-line principle
any organization that is made up of several member countries; operates on the principle of supranationalism	multi-state organization
when a region in a state wants to break away to form its own state, or join a new state	irredentism
process by which a region in a state gains political strength and autonomy at the expense of the central government	devolution
a government style where the monarch is supreme and possesses all sovereignty	absolute monarchy
a government style where a monarch acts as a figurehead; most power resides within a representative legislature	constitutional monarchy
a governmnent style where the people have power; leaders are elected and the economy enjoys a high degree of autonomy	free-market democracy
government style where all people are equal and all property is state owned. The government controls all facets of the economy; no free enterprise	communism (utilizing a planned economy)

Created by: pdeanna

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FIRST SET OF VOCAB

Second set of pop vocab

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