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ND 8 Science Midterm
ND Beth 8th Grade Science Midterm Flashcards
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Mercury | (1)(messenger of the gods) closest to the Sun - surface is covered w/ craters - 1 year=1.5 Earth days - 1/3 size of Earth - no atmosphere - no moons - wimpy magnetic field - temp. extremes |
| Venus | (2)(goddess of love and beauty) 2nd from the Sun - "greenhouse effect"= very thick cloud cover trapping heat - hottest planet - orbits closest to Earth - CO2 based atmosphere - sulfuric acid rain - rotates backwards - no moons |
| Mars | (4)(god of war) Red Planet - surface is desert-like - similar axis tilt to Earth - just over 24 hour rotation - polar caps - has seasons - about 1/2 size of Earth - thin atmosphere - 2 moons= Phobos & Demios - has canyons on surface - Olympus Mons |
| Jupiter | (5)(god of the gods) largest planet - "failed star" - gives off more energy than it gets from the Sun - "fake" magnetic field= pressurized H - 1 year=12 Earth years - 16 moons - Great Red Spot= ion storm |
| Saturn | (6)(god of time) 2nd largest planet - dramatic ring system= ice and dust - rings are wide but thin (CD) - 31 moons - Titan= planet's largest moon (larger than Pluto and Mercury) - 1 year= 29 Earth years - ocean= liquid methane and ammonia |
| Uranus | (7)(god of the sky) Twin Planet - about 4x diameter of Earth - mostly H and He - teal color (aquamarine) - 1 day= 16 hours - ring system - strange axis tilt - 21 moons |
| Neptune | (8)(god of the sea) Twin Planet - about 4x diameter of Earth - mostly H and He - bright blue color - 1 day= 18 hours - ring system - Scooter= the dark spot on surface(?) - 8 moons |
| Pluto | (9)(god of the underworld) misfit - demoted to dwarf planet *for now :(* - 3000 km in diameter - believed to be frozen Ne, Ar, Kr - 1 moon=Charon - 1 year = 248 Earth years - extreme elliptical orbit - crosses orbit w/ Neptune - stolen from Kuiper Belt? |
| core | (1) the center of the Sun - site of nuclear fusion |
| radiation zone | (2) thickest layer of the Sun - thightly packed w/ He atoms - heat & light emerge |
| convection zone | (3) energy moves particle to particle toward surface in a convection current |
| photosphere | (4) visible surface of the Sun |
| chromosphere | (5) the "colored sphere" - 1st layer of atmosphere - not visible |
| corona | (6) outermost layer of the Sun's atmosphere - looks like a halo - only seen during eclipse |
| proton | part of an atom with a positive (+) charge |
| electron | part of an atom with a negative (-) charge |
| neutron | part of an atom with a neutral (0) charge |
| igneous rock | a type of rock with crystals (formed by fire) |
| sedimentary rock | a type of rock that has layers |
| metamorphic rock | a type of rock that is changed by heat and pressure |
| Greeks | first people to study solar system - thought Earth was in center, flat, motionless |
| Aristotle | proved Earth was round |
| Ptolemy | made geocentric model= Earth is in center and round - planets in perfectly round orbits |
| Copernicus | made heliocentric model= Sun is in center, Earth is just a planet |
| Galileo | discovered Jupiter's 4 largest moons: Io, Europa, Callisto, Gandymede (largest moon in solar system) |
| Kepler | using Tycho Brahe's data, he proves planets travel in elliptical orbits |
| Brahe | discovered epicycle=an object moving in a circle while being carried in a larger circle |
| Dalton | believed atoms are solid spheres (pool ball) |
| Thompson | believed atoms are solid spheres w/ negative particles inside it (chocolate chips) - discovered electrons |
| Rutherford | discovered the center of the atom contains that most mass= nuclei (peach) |
| Bohr | discovered atoms have positively charged center w/ negative electrons moving in circular orbits (onion) |
| Rutherford-Bohr Model | (Electron Cloud Model) positive nuclei w/ negative electrons buzzing randomly around nuclei |
| Mendeleev | created Periodic table by charting elements known in his time (1800s) |
| Mosley | put table into its modern form |
| absolute magnitude | true brightness of a star, luminosity if all stars were equal distance from Earth |
| alloy | mixture of 2 or more elements with at least 1 metal |
| apparent magnitude | the brightness of a star as it is viewed from earth |
| asteroid belt | band of asteroids in orbit between Mars & Jupiter - over 2500 known |
| atomic number | the number of protons |
| aurora | occurs when solar wind enters Earth's atmosphere and changes into colored lights |
| black hole | an object with gravity so strong not even light can escape - results from imploded neutron star |
| coma | in a comet, outer part of nuclei that slushes w/ heat |
| comet | dirty snowballs |
| compound | two or more elements chemically combined - loses all element properties - definite formula |
| constellation | a group of stars that seem to make a shape or pattern in the sky |
| dark matter | matter that gives off no electromagnetic radiation - makes up 23% of all matter - can be studied by how it reacts to other matter |
| element | a substance that cannot be broken down w/o losing its properties - only 1 kind of atom |
| ellipse | "squished egg" |
| family | a vertical column on the Periodic Table |
| fracture | a mineral that breaks along an irregular surface - different each time |
| galaxy | a group of stars, gas, and dust held together by gravity |
| H-R Diagram | Hertzsprung Russel - uses color & temp. from a star to gain info on stars - color= result of temp. - temp.= how much energy is given off |
| inorganic | not made from dead things |
| ion | a charged particle |
| luster | how the surface of the mineral reflects light (metallic/non-metallic) |
| Milky Way | our galaxy (Spiral) |
| Moh's Scale | measure of rock hardness (1=softest, 10=hardest) |
| nebula | cloud of dust & gas in space created by a supernova - building blocks of celestial objects |
| nuclear fusion | small mass nuclei unite into larger nuclei |
| Oort Cloud | comet nursery - collection of comet nuclei just past Pluto |
| ore | any mineral mined for profit |
| organic | made from dead things (ooze) - Carbon |
| Periodic Table | a chart of known chemical elements, organized by their properties |
| quasar | "Quasi Stellar Radio Source" - small in size, but massive brightness - discovered in 1960s, most distant and fastest moving objects we know |
| revolution | a planet following an orbit around a star (seasons) |
| rotation | a planet turning on its axis (night/day) |
| smelting | heating the ore to separate ore from junk rock |
| solar system | planets revolving in orbit around a star |
| solar wind | a steady stream of electrically charged particles coming off the Sun |
| streak | true color - the color of the powder created when the mineral is scratched along porcelain |
| sunspot | areas on the Sun that are cooler than surrounding surface - black spots - always in pairs - usually near a solar flare - run on an 11 year cycle |
| supernova | can only happen to large mass stars - unstable fusion causes explosion - creates new nebula - heavy elements are created during explosion |
| valence electrons | the electrons that form the bond - last energy level |
Created by:
hunoni
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