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Cellular Metabolism

Photosynthesis and Respiration

QuestionAnswer
Autotrophs Organisms that make their own food. Example: Plants use energy from the sun to make their own food.
Heterotrophs Organisms that cannot make their own food and must consume food to obtain energy.
ATP Adenosine triphosphate. The principal chemical compound that cells use to store and release energy.
Photosynthesis The process by which an organism, usually a plant, uses the energy of sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into high energy sugars and oxygen
Photosynthesis formula 6CO2 + 6H2O in the presence of light produces C6H12O6 + 6O2. Carbon dioxide + water in the presence of light produces sugars + oxygen
Requirements for Photosynthesis Water, carbon dioxide, light, and chlorophyll inside the chloroplasts of the cell
Chlorophyll The plants' principal light absorbing pigment used to gather the sun's energy. Located in the chlorplasts of the plant cell.
Thylakoids Photosynthetic membranes contained in the chloroplast where chlorophyll and other pigments are located. The light dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place here.
Stroma The region outside the chloroplast in which reactions not dependent on light (light independent) take place.
Calorie The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius.
Glycolysis The process in which one molecule of glucose is broken in half, producing two molecules of ATP. This process occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell.
Cellular respiration The process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen.
Fermentation Releases energy from food molecules by producing ATP in the absence of oxygen.
Anaerobic Chemical processes that take place in the absence of oxygen.
Aerobic Chemical process that require oxygen.
Equation for Cellular Respiration 6O2 + C6H12O6 produces 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy in the form of ATP
Alcoholic Fermentation Used by yeast and a few other organisms. The final products are ethyl alcohol and CO2. This is the process used to make bread dough rise.
Lactic Acid Fermentation As a result of glycolysis, lactic acid is produced as a waste product. Lactic acid is produced in muscles during rapid exercise when the body cannot supply enough oxygen. This can cause muscle soreness.
Mitochondria The site of cellular respiration that utilizes the Krebs Cycle and the electron transport chain to produce ATP
Total ATP Production from glycolysis and cellular respiration 36 ATP molecules
Compare the functions of Photosynthesis vs. Respiration Photosynthesis--Energy capture. Cellular Respiration--Energy release.
Location of Photosynthesis vs. Respiration Photosynthesis = chloroplast Respiration = mitochondria
Reactants Photosynthesis vs. Respiration Photosynthesis = CO2 and H20; Respiration = C6H12O6 and O2
Products Photosynthesis vs. Respiration Photosynthesis = C6H12O6 and O2; Respiration = CO2 and H2O
Created by: smerrill
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