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Chapter 12 VCB
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| process in which one strain of bacteria changed by a gene or genes from another strain of bacteria | transformation |
| virus that infect bacteria | bacteria phage |
| monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. | nucleotide |
| principle that bonds in DNA can form only between adenine and thymine and between guanine and cytosine | Base Pairing |
| granular material visible within the n consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins | Chromatin |
| protein molecule around which DNA is tightly coiled in chromatin | His tone |
| copying process by which a cell duplicates its DNA | Replication |
| enzyme involved in DNA replication that joins individual nucleotides to produce a DNA molecule | DNA polymearse |
| sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait | gene |
| RNA molecule that carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into protein from DNA to the rest of the cell | Messenger RNA (mRNA) |
| type of RNA that makes up the major part of ribosomes | Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) |
| type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis | Transfer RNA (tRNA) |
| process in which part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA is copied into a complementary sequence in RNA | Transcription |
| enzyme similar to DNA polymerase that binds to DNA and separates the DNA strands during transcription | RNA Polymerase |
| region of DNA that indicates to an enzyme where to bind to make RNA | Promoter |
| sequence of DNA that is not involved in coding for a protein | Intron |
| expressed sequence of DNA that codes for a protein | Exon |
| 3 nucleotide sequence of messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid | Codon |
| decoding of a mRNA message into polypeptide chain | Translation |
| group of 3 bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to a mRNA codon | change in a DNA sequence that affects genetic information |
| gene mutation involving changes in one or a few nucleotides | Point Mutation |
| mutation that shifts the "reading" frame of the genetic message by inserting or deleting a nucleotide | Frame shift mutation |
| condition in which an organism has extra set of chromosomes | Polyproidy |
| group of genes operating together | Operon |
| region of chromosome in an operon to which the repressor binds when the operon is "turned off" | Operator |
| process in which cells become specialized in structure or function | Differentiation |
| series of gene that controls the differentiation of cells and tissues in an embryo | Hox Gene |
Created by:
pirategirl
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