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AP Psych Chapter 12
Motivation
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Motivation | a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior |
Instinct | a complex, unlearned behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species |
Drive-Reduction Theory | the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused state in an organism that motivates that motivates them to satisfy the need |
Homeostasis | the tendency to maintain a balanced internal state |
Incentive | a positive or negative stimulus that motivates behavior |
Hierarchy of Needs | Maslow's pyramid of needs. It beings with basic physiological needs and progresses to safety and psychological needs. |
Glucose | sugar that circulates in the blood a provides the primary source of energy for tissues |
Set Point | an individual's predetermined weight. The body may trigger hunger or a slower metabolic rate if weight falls below this level. |
Basal Metabolic Rate | The body's resting rate of energy expenditure |
Anorexia Nervosa | An eating disorder in which a person with normal weight starves themselves and becomes significantly underweight |
Bulimia Nervosa | An eating disorder characterized by overeating followed by vomiting |
flow | a completely focused state of consciousness characterized by a loss of awareness of space and time |
Industrial-Organizational Psychology | The use of psychology to optimize human behaviors in workplaces |
Personnel Psychology | a subfield of industrial-organizational psychology that focuses on recruiting and training employees |
Organizational Psychology | a subfield of industrial-organizational psychology that facilitates organizational changes |
Achievement Motivation | a desire to attain mastery of people, things, or ideas, or to hold oneself to a high standard |
Task Leadership | A leadership style that focuses on organization, goal-setting, and achieving measurable standards |
Social Leadership | A group-oriented leadership style that focuses on resolving conflict and building teamwork |
Arousal Theory | The theory that motivation arises from a desire to seek the optimum level of arousal |
Evolutionary Theory | The theory that humans are motivated by genes that predispose them towards certain species-typical behaviors |
Serotonin | A neurotransmitter that controls sleep, hunger, and arousal |
Self-Actualization | A highest level of Maslow's pyramid where a person learns to realize their full potential |
Intrinsic Motivation | A drive that arises from an internal desire to achieve |
Extrinsic Motivation | A drive that arises from a desire to gain external rewards |
Lateral Hypothalamus | The sides of the Hypothalamus, which help to control hunger |
Ventromedial Hypothalamus | The lower mid-Hypothalamus, which depresses hunger |
Hunger Motivation | An aroused state induced by food deprivation, which is usually regulated by the hypothalamus |
Theory X | A commanding management strategy that relies on strong directions |
Theory Y | A management strategy that views employees as capable equals, and demands that they are treated with respect |