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Study Guide Ch 2
Chabner, Language of Medicine 8th Edition, Ch 2 The Body as a Whole
| describe | answer |
|---|---|
| Catabolism | The process by which food is burned to release energy (-ism = process, cata- = down, bol/o = to cast, throw) |
| endoplasmic reticulum | part of the cell where formation of proteins occurs |
| metabolism | the sum of the chemical processes in a cell |
| karyotype | picture of nuclear structures arranged in numerical order |
| part of the cell where catabolism primarily occurs | mitochondria (engines of the) |
| allows materials to pass into andout of the cell | cell membrane |
| genes are composed of ... ? | DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) |
| diaphragm | muscular wall separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities |
| mediastinum | the space in the chest - between - the lungs |
| adipose means pertaining to | Fat |
| pharynx | throat |
| sarcoma | MALIGNANT tumor of flesh tissue (-oma = tumor, sarc/o = flesh) |
| craniotomy | incision of the skull (-tomy = incision, crani/o = skull, cranium) |
| a Histologist studies | tissues (-logist = specialized study, hist/o = tissues) |
| an epithelial cell is a(an)...? | skin cell - also lines organs |
| the pleural cavity is the | space between the membranes around the lungs |
| viscera | YOUR GUTS!! Internal organs |
| the pituitary gland is in which body cavity? | cranial (base of skull) |
| structure in the trachea | larynx (voice box) |
| the tailbone is the | coccyx |
| supine means | Laying on the BACK |
| the upper lateral regions of the abdomen, beneath the ribs, are the: | Hypochondriac regions |
| adipose tissue | fat fat fatty fat fats |
| pharynx | throat |
| ureter | tube from the kidney to the urinary bladder |
| cartilage | flexible connective tissue at the joints |
| pleura | membrane surrounding the lungs |
| urethra | tube from the urinary bladder to outside of body |
| larynx | voice box |
| trachea | windpipe |
| distal | furthest from the point of attachment to the body (example: the distal end of the thigh bone (femur) joins with the knee cap) |
| lateral | alongside, same level. (example: the left lung lies lateral to the heart) |
| sagittal | lengthwise vertical plane divides body into left and right halves. (example: The sagittal plane divides the body into right and left portions) |
| transverse | Upper and Lower (example: the transverse plane divides the body into upper and lower portions) |
| inferior (caudal) | below another structure (example: the diaphragm lies inferior to the organs in the thoracic cavity) |
| proximal | nearest the point of attachment to the trunk (example: the proximal end of the humerus is at the shoulder) |
| superior | above another structure (example: the liver lies superior to the intestines ) |
| vertebra | backbone (plural; vertebrae) |
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