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AP Psych Chapter 16
Psychological Disorders
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Psychological Disorder | deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional behavior patterns |
| Medical Model | Medical Model the concept that diseases have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured |
| DSM - IV | a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders |
| M'Naughten Rule | The right or wrong of criminal law, applies insanity as a defense in criminal cases |
| Maladaptive Behavior | not easily adaptable behavior |
| Neurotic Disorders | A psychological disorder that is usually distressing but allows one to think rationally and function socially |
| Psychotic Disorders | A psychological disorder in which a person loses contact with reality, experiencing irrational ideas and distorted perceptions |
| Anxiety Disorders | Psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety. |
| Phobias | an anxiety disorder characterized by extreme and irrational fear of simple things or social situations |
| Specific Phobias | When there is an extreme irrational fear of one specific thing that can affect your life: i.e. spiders, heights, water, etc. |
| Social Phobia | Extreme feelings of shyness and self-consciousness build into a powerful fear. As a result, a person feels uncomfortable participating in everyday social situations. |
| Agoraphobia | fear or avoidance of situations in which escape might be difficult or help unavailable when panic strikes |
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder | an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal |
| Obsessive - Compulsive Disorder | an anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts and/or actions |
| Panic Disorder (attacks) | an anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations |
| PTSD | an anxiety disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience |
| Somatoform Disorder | A class of psychological disorders involving physical ailments with no authentic organic basis that are due to psychological factors. |
| Hypochondriasis | A somatoform disorder characterized by excessive preoccupation with health concerns and incessant worry about developing physical illnesses. |
| Conversion Disorder | A somatoform disorder characterized by a significant loss of physical function (with no apparent organic basis), usually in a single organ system. |
| Conduct Disorder | a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in children and adolescents in which the rights of others or basic social rules are violated. |
| ADHD | a psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more of three key symptoms: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity |
| Dissociative Disorders | disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings |
| Amnesia | loss of all or part of memory |
| Fugue | dissociative disorder in which a person forgets who who they are and leaves home to creates a new life |
| Dissociative Identity Disorder | rare and controversial dissociative disorder in which an individual experiences two or more distinct and alternating personalities. |
| Mood Disorders | psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes |
| Dysthymia | down-in-the-dumps mood that fills almost every day for more than 2 years |
| Major Depressive Disorder | a mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or a medical condition, two or more weeks of significantly depressed moods, feelings of worthlessness, and diminished interest or pleasure in most activities |
| Bipolar Disorder | a mood disorder in which the person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania |
| Mania | a mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state |
| Schizophrenia | a group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions |
| Hallucinations | false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus |
| Delusions | false beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders |
| Word Salad | Jumbled words reflecting chaotic thought |
| Catatonic Behavior | may remain motionless for hours on end and then become agitated |
| Personality Disorders | psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning |
| Paranoid PD | extreme and unreasonable suspicion of other people and their motives |
| Anti - social PD | a personality disorder in which the person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members; may be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist |
| Histrionic PD | a personality disorder characterized by self-dramatization, exaggerated expression of emotions, and attention-seeking behaviors |
| Narcissistic PD | a personality disorder characterized by exaggerated ideas of self-importance and achievements; preoccupation with fantasies of success; arrogance |
| Schizoid PD | a personality disorder characterized by a need for social isolation, anxiety in social situations, odd behavior and thinking, and often unconventional beliefs. |
| Borderline PD | a personality disorder marked by unstable emotions and relationships, dependency, and manipulative, self-destructive behavior |
| Avoidant PD | characterized by a pervasive pattern of social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, extreme sensitivity to negative evaluation, and avoidance of social interaction. |
| Bio - psych - social perspective | A contemporary perspective which assumes that biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors combine to produce psychological disorders |
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Kingsclass
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