Question
click below
click below
Question
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Study Guide Ch 19
Chabner, Language of Medicine 8th Edition, Chpt 19 Cancer Medicine (Oncology)
Question | Answer |
---|---|
metastasis | this term describes the spread of malignant tumors to a distant location |
adenocarcinoma of the lung | example of a solid tumor derived from epithelial tissue |
fungating tumor | mushrooming pattern of growth as tumor cells pile on top of each other |
polypoid | sessile and pedunculated types of growth |
cancinoma in situ | localized tumor growth |
scirrhous type tumors | hard, densely packed tumor cells |
staging a tumor | assessing the extent of tumor spread |
mutagenic | producing a change in the DNA of a cell |
mutation | inheritable change in a cell |
oncogenes | example of genetic material that causes cancer |
exenteration | wide resection of tumor and removal of surrounding tissue |
fulguration | destruction of tissue by electric spark |
retinoblastoma | an example of a known type of inherited cancer |
modality | method of treatment |
radioresistant tumor | tumor requires large doses of radiation to produce death of cells |
notation T1N2MO means | tumor is present with palpable regional lymph nodes and no metastasis |
electrocauterization | treating tissue with electrically generated heat |
pharmacokinetics | study of the distribution of drugs in the body |
adjuvant | assisting or aiding |
linear accelerators | term used in treatment of tumors with radiation |
estrogen receptor assay | tests the concentration of hormone receptor sites in cells of breast cancer patients |
staging laparotomy | a wide surgical incision of the abdomen to detect disease |
interferon | biological response modifier |
relapse | return of symptoms of disease |
osteogenic sarcoma | cancerous tumor derived from bone |
erythema | side effect of radiation therapy (redness of skin) |
alopecia | side effect of chemotherapy or radiotherapy (hair loss) |
fibrosis | side effect of radiation therapy to the lungs (abnormal growth of connective tissue) |
myelosuppresion | hypoplasia of bone marrow |
mucositis | inflammation of the inner lining of an organ |
chemical carcinogen | an agent (hydrocarbon, insecticide, hormone) that causes cancer |
mitosis | replication of cells; two identical cells are produced from a parent cell |
oncogene | region of genetic material that causes cancer; found in tumor cells or viruses |
RNA | cellular substance (ribonucleic acid) that is important in protein synthesis |
virus | infectious agent that reproduces by entering a host cell and using the host's genetic material to make copies of itself |
DNA | genetic material within the nucleus that controls replication and protein synthesis |
mutation | change in the genetic material of a cell |
ultraviolet radiation | rays given off by the sun |
inflammatory | characterized by redness, swelling, and heat |
medullary | tumors are large, soft, fleshy |
necrotic | containing dead tissue |
fungating | mushrooming pattern of growth |
ulcerating | characterized by large, open, exposed surfaces |
cystic | tumors form large, open spaces filled with fluid |
verrucous | tumors resemble wart-like growths |
polypoid | growths are projections from a base (sessile and pedunculated) |
excisional biopsy | removal of tumor and a margin of normal tissue for diagnosis and possible cure for small tumors |
en bloc resection | removal of entire tumor with large area of surrounding tissue and lymph nodes |
electrocauterization | burning a lesion |
fulguration | destruction by high-frequency electric sparks |
incisional biopsy | cutting into tumor and removing a piece to establish diagnosis |
cryosurgery | freezing a lesion |
pelvic exenteration | wide resection involving tumor, organ of origin, and surrounding tissue in the area of the hip |
beta-HCG test | test for the presence of a portion of human chorionic gonadotropin hormone (a marker for testicular cancer) |
staging laparotomy | incision of the abdomen to determine extent of disease |
CA-125 | protein marker test to detect ovarian cancer cells in blood |
laparoscopy | visual examination of the abdominal cavity; peritoneoscopy |
estrogen receptor assay | test for the presence of a hormone receptor on breast cancer cells |
bone marrow biopsy | removal and microscopic examination of bone marrow tissue |
needle biopsy | aspiration of tissue for microscopic examination |
PSA test | blood test for the presence of an antigen related to prostate cancer |
CEA test | blood test for cancinoembryonic antigen (marker for GI cancer) |
exfoliative cytology | cells are scraped off tissue and microscopically examined |
radiation | energy carried by a stream of particles |