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Pip's Photo AP
Photosynthesis 912880
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Photosynthesis | 6CO2+12H20->C6H12O6+6H20+6O2 Process by which plants convert solar energy into energy stored in chemical bonds Consists of tw sets of reactions: Light dependent & Light independent |
| Photosynthetic Pigments | Absorb light energy to provide energy for photsynthesis Chlorophyll a & b = green Carotenoid & xanthophyll = yellow, orange & red Phycobillins = red pigment absorbs all colors that it does not reflect: Chlorophyll reflects green absorbs red, blue, &vi |
| Antenna Pigments | Capture wavelengths of light other than those absorbed by chlorophyll a, thus expanding the spectrum of light that can be used to power photosynthesis Ex: Chlorophyll b and the carotenoids |
| Photosystems (PS) | Light harvesting complexes located in the grana Several hundred in each chloroplast Consists of a reaction center containing chlorophyll a plus antenna pigments 2 Photosystems: PS I & PS II |
| PS I | Absorbs light, on average, i the 700 nm range Activates after PS II |
| PS II | Absorbs light, on average, in the 680 nm range Activates before PS I |
| Light-Dependent Reactions | Light is absorbed by PS II and PS I in the thylakoid membranes and the following occurs: ATP is produced, Photolysis, and NADP carries H2 to the dark reactions. |
| ATP Production | The exergonic flow of electrons through electron transport chains is coupled with the phosphorylations of ADP into ATP |
| Photolysis | Water is split apart and provides electrons for PS II and protons to produce NADP |
| Noncyclic Photophosphorylation | Main process during light dependent reactions Begins at PS2continues to PS1 Electrons supplied by photolysis enter two ETCs,ATP&NADPH form Chemiosmosis powers ATP production NADP bonds to H+ diffused through ATPsynthetase channel across thylakoid memb |
| Cyclic Photophosphorylation | Modification of noncyclic photophosporylation Replenishes ATP levels only-no NADPH formed Occurs when the Calvin cycle uses up available ATP Electrons travel from PSII to PSI and back to PSII again |
| Light-Independent Reactions | Occur in the stroma known as the dark reactions Do not depend on light directly Require the products of the light reaction; so occur only in the light Consist of Calvin cycle, which produces phosphoglyceraldehyde |
| Calvin Cycle | Carbon fixation Produces PGAL, a 3-carbon sugar Occurs in the stroma CO2 combines with RuBP (5-carbon molecule) to produce two 3-carbon molecules; hence, C-3 plants Catalyzed by Rubisco (RuBP carboxylase) Uses large amounts of ATP |
| Photorespiration | Dad-end process that diverts energy from photosynthesis No ATP is produced No sugar is produced Occurs when Rubisco binds to O2 instead of to CO2 because Rubisco has a greater affinity for O2 than CO2 |
| C-4 Photosynthesis | Biochemical and anatomical modification of C-3 photosynthesis adapted for dry environments Involves: Kranz anatomy and Hatch-Slack Pathway |
| Kranz Anatomy | Refers to structure of C-4 Leaf Modification that minimizes time stomates must remain open Bundle sheath cells tightly wrap a vein and are surrounded by mesophyll cells |
| Hatch-Slack Pathway | A biochemical pathway the precedes the Calvin Cycle and pumps CO2 into bundle sheath cell deep within leaf PEP carboxylase binds with CO2 to produce malate, which is pumped into bundle sheath cells in order to maintain a steep CO2 gradient near stomates |
| CAM Plants | Crassulacean Acid Metabolism plants Modified for dry environments Open stomates at night and close them during the day |
Created by:
tracypippins
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