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Pip's AP Hormones

Hormones 915862

QuestionAnswer
Endocrine System Secretes hormones Works in conjunction with nervous system to regulate the entire body Consists of ductless glands
Hypothalamus Bridge between endocrine and nervous system As part of nervous system it sends electrical signals to the adrenal gland to release adrenaline Acts as an endocrine gland when it releases oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone into the posterior pituitary
Chemical Messengers Hormones, Tropic hormones, Pheromones, Nitric oxide (NO)
Hormones chemicals produced in ductless glands that are transported through the blod to a target cell, tissue, or organ
Tropic Hormones Hormones that stimulate other glands to release their hormones
Pheromones carry messages between different individuals
Nitric Oxide (NO) a gas produced in one cell that diffuses to neighboring cells
Anterior Pituitary Hormones Released: Growth, Luteinizing, Thyroid-stimulating, Adrenocorticotropic, Follicle-stimulating Stimulates: Bone growth, ovaries and testes
Posterior Pituitary Stores and releases hormones from the hypothalamus Oxytocin Antidiuretic hormone
Antidiuretic Hormone Stimulates the collecting tubule in nephron of the kidney
Oxytocin Stimulates contraction of uterus and mammary glands during labor
Thyroid Gland Releases thryoxin and calcitonin
Thyroxin Controls rate of metabolism
Calcitonin Lowers blood calcium levels by facilitating the uptake of calcium by bones
Parathryoid Gland Releases parathormone Works in opposition to calcitonin
Parathormone Raises blood calcium levels by removing calcium from bones
Adrenal Cortex Releases corticosteroids Raises blood sugar levels Responds to stress
Adrenal Medulla Releases epinephrine (adrenaline)- the fight or flight hormone Raises blood sugar levels by increasing the breakdown of glycogen in liver
Pancreas Functions as an endocrine gland here by releasing hormones and as an exocrine in digestion Releases insulin Releases glucagon
Insulin Secreted by beta cells of the islets of Langerhans Lowers blood glucose levels
Glucagon Secreted by alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans Raise blood glucose levels
Thymus Gland Most active in fetal and postnatal life Essential to the development of a normal immune system Stimulates T-lymphocytes
Pineal Gland Located in the brain Secretes hormone melatonin In some species it regulates the biological clock and biorhythms
Ovaries Estrogen and Progesterone
Estrogen Stimulates uterine lining, promotes development and maintenance of primary and secondary sexual characteristics in females
Progesterone Promotes growth of uterine lining
Testes Testosterone
Testosterone Supports sperm production and secondary sexual characteristics
Positive Feedback Amplifies an already existing response and brings a process to an end
Negative Feedback Maintains homeostasis
Two-Way Chemical Signals Small, nonpolar molecules, like steroids and thyroid hormones, diffuse directly through the plasm membrane and bind to a receptor inside the cell, triggering the cell's response Most chemical messengers work by signal-transduction pathway
Signal-Transduction Pathway Molecules that cannot dissolve in the plasma membrane bind to a receptor on the surface of the plasma membrane but do not enter the cell; trigger a secondary messenger, which converts a chemical signal to a specific cellular response
Hormones and Metamorphosis Metamorphosis in animals, like insects, is controlled by an interaction between juvenile hormone, brain hormone, and ecdysone
Created by: tracypippins
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