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SUPA Biology

Energy and enzymes

QuestionAnswer
Metabolism The totality of an organism’s chemical reactions, consisting of catabolic and anabolic pathways.
Catabolic Pathways A metabolic pathway that releases energy by breaking down complex molecules to simpler compounds
Anabolic Pathways A metabolic pathway that synthesizes a complex molecule from simpler compounds.
Energy The capacity to do work (to move matter against an opposing force).
Kinetic Energy The energy of motion, which is directly related to the speed of that motion. Moving matter does work by imparting motion to other matter.
Potential Energy The energy stored by matter as a result of its location or spatial arrangement.
Endergonic Reaction A non-spontaneous chemical reaction, in which free energy is absorbed from the surroundings.
Exergonic Reaction A spontaneous chemical reaction, in which there is a net release of free energy.
First law of thermodynamics The principle of conservation of energy. Energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed.
Second law of thermodynamics The principle whereby every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe. Ordered forms of energy are at least partly converted to heat, and in spontaneous reactions, the free energy of the system also decreases.
Free Energy The portion of a system’s energy that can perform work when temperature and pressure are uniform throughout the system. The change in free energy of a system is calculated by the equation ΔG = ΔH - T Δs, where T is absolute temperature.
Activation Energy Energy required to start a reaction.
Catalyst A chemical agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction.
substrate The reactant on which an enzyme works.
active site The specific portion of an enzyme that attaches to the substrate by means of weak chemical bonds.
coenzymes An organic molecule serving as a cofactor. Most vitamins function as coenzymes in important metabolic reactions.
Created by: swimifishi
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