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usmle world q
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| hydroxychloroquine SE | permanent retinal damage |
| se of methotrexate | mouth ulcers, hepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, myelosuppression, increased risk for opp. infxns, B cell lymphoma, pulm fibrosis. |
| tx for abscess in lung | clindamycin to cover anaerobes |
| MOA of ethambutol | inhibits carbohydrate polymerization -> prevents peptidoglycan cell wall synthesis |
| side effect of ethambutol | optic neuritis, decreased visual acuity, central scotoma, color blindness |
| mech of resistance of rifampin | spontaneous genetic mutations of the bacterial DNA dependent RNA polymerase |
| painless hematuria 2-3 days after an URI | IGA nephropathy- berger disease |
| unmineralized spongiosa in medullary canals | osteopetrosis |
| osteoid matrix accumulation around trabeculae | rickets |
| drugs that prolong QT | macrolides (block K+ channels); flunconazol; class 1A, 1C, 3 antiaryhtmics |
| conditions that prolong QT | liver disease ( increase toxicity of drugs), hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia, acidosis, heart failure, hypoxia |
| WPW | shortened PR interval, widened QRS, delta wave which signifies early depolarization |
| alpha 1 blocker associated with first dose resoponse orthostatic hypotension | prazosin |
| selective alpha 2 blocker | mirtazipine for depression |
| alpha 1 and alpha 2 | phenoxybenzamine and phentolamine |
| sotalol | beta blocker and potassium channel blocker |
| labetalol | alpha and beta blocker |
| carvedilol | alpha and beta blocker |
| non depolarizing NMJ blockers | curoniums - Rocuronium |
| depolarizing NMJ blocker | succinylcholine |
| receptor that decreases insulin release | alpha 2 |
| receptor that increases renin | beta 1 |
| increases lipolysis via HSL (hormone sensitive lipase) | beta 1 |
| relaxes uterus | beta 2 |
| increases liver glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis | beta 2 |
| inhibits mast cell release | beta 2 |
| ↑ gastric acid secretion, found in CNS | M1 |
| decreases HR, decreases contractility, decreases AV node conduction | M2 |
| increases peristalsis, increases bladder contraction, increases exocrine gland secretions, bronchoconstriction, contracts the sphincter pupillae (miosis) | M3 |
| renal vasodilation | D1 |
| dopamine control in brain | D2 |
| mast cell degranulation, nasopharyngeal/bronchial mucus production, bronchial vasoconstriction. | H1 |
| increases vascular smooth muscle contraction | V1 |
| increases gastric acid secretion | H2 |
| vasopressin receptor in collecting tubules ↑ H2O reabsorption | V2 |
| vasoconstriction, constricts uterus, contracts pupillary dilator (mydriasis), constricts sphincters in intestine as well as internal urethral sphincter | alpha 1 |
| location of CYP450 | inner membrane of mitochondria or smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
| Drugs that induce P450 (and are ∴ contraindicated in porphyrias! | Barb-E Steals Smokin Phen-phen, INDUCES vomiting, and Refuses Greasy Gluttonous Carbs Chronically" |
| CYP450 substrates | substrates: Acetaminophen, Warfarin, numerous Cardiovascular drugs |
| tardive dyskinesia | metoclopromide, antipsychotics |
| disulfiram like rxn | Metronidazole; Sulfonylureas, 1st generation; Griseofulvin; Some cephalosporins Procarbazine |
| cholinergic syndrome | Cholinesterase inhibitors: neostigmine, physostigmine; Organophosphates (Sarin, Soman); Cholinomimetics: Pilocarpine, Carbachol, Bethanechol |
| anticholinergic syndrome | "All These Quirks Are Muscarinic Antagonists": Antipsychotics, TCAs, Quinidine, Amantadine, Meperidine, Antihistamines |
Created by:
ilovemusic007
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