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Epidem 1
Epidemiology and Ethics 1: Research studies
Question | Answer |
---|---|
What is the MC foodborn bacterial GI tract infection in developed countries? | Salmonella |
What is the tx for a rectal fistula? | Fistulotomy |
In what disease would you see a Hampton's hump on x-ray? | PE |
Identifies 2 groups: diseased and halthy. Retrospectively compares them. Weakened by recall and selection biases. | Case control study |
Seeks to estmate disease prevalence and exposure across a population. | Cross-sectional study |
Examines a collection of studies on a given subject. | Meta-analysis |
Prospective blinded study involving placebos, existing therapies, and experimental interventions | RCT |
Focuses on one group with a shared exposure or disease and either propsectively or retrospectively compares them | Cohort |
Examines a collection of cases to seek insight into the disease of interest. Useful in rare diseases. | Case series |
Memory errors produce incorrect data. | Recall bias |
Subject awareness of being studied alters their answers and behavior | Observational bias |
Certain medical studies attract subjects with particular medical histories rather than the general population | self-selection bias |
Studies that show a difference are preferably published and then later included in meta-analysis rather than studies that support the null hypothesis | publication bias |
screening tests designed to detect asymptomatic disease may miss rapidly-progressive dz b/c the interval btwn successive screenings only detects slowly progressive ones. | length bias |
Screening test may allow earlier diagnosis of dz but does not translate into actual length of survival | lead-time bias |
What does an odds ratio estimate in the case of a dz with low prevalance? | RR |