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Cranial Nerves
Number | Name | Origin | Termination | Function | Sensory, Motor, Or Both |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
I | Olfactory | Epithelium of nasal cavities | Olfactory Bulb | smell | Special Sensory |
II | Optic | Retina of eye | Thalamus and Optical Cortex | sight | Special Sensory |
III | Oculomotor | Midbrain | Eye | motor to muscles that move the eye, constrictor pupillae, ciliary musdcles | Somatic Motor- innervates 4 of 6 extraocular muscles, Visceral Motor- parasympathetic, innervates constrictor pupillae and ciliary muscles |
IV | Trochlear | Midbrain | Eye | Motor to muscles that move the eye | Somatic Motor- innervates one extraocular muscle |
V | Trigeminal | Pons | Mandible, maxillary, eye | motor to muscles of mastication, tensor tympani and tensor veli palatini. Sensory from the majority of the head and neck including the teeth and gingival | SOmatic Sensory- receive impulses from face and head, carry impulses of pain, touch and temp, proprioception. Branchial Motor- fibers to muscles of mastification, tensor tympani, tensor palatini |
VI | Abducens | Inferior region of Pons | Lateral rectus muscle of eye | Motor to muscles that move the eye (laterally) | Somatic Motor- motor to one extraocular muscle |
VII | Facial | Pons | face and tongue | motor to muscles of facial expression, motor to glands in head (lacrimal, submandibular nasal, pharyngeal), sensory from small areas of skin of earlobe and ear, sensory from blood vessesl, glands, receptors in nose, palate, ORAL CAVITY, taste from anterio | Motor- branchial & visceral, Sensory- somatic, visceral and special |
VIII | Vestibulochochlear | Inner ear hearing and equilibrium apparatus | pons | Sense of balance and hearing, sensory receptors in inner ear | Special Sensory |
IX | Glossopharyngeal | Medulla | Throat | Motor to stylopharyngeus, parotid gland, sensory from small area of eardrum, auditory meatus, pinna of ear, Sensory from receptors in ear, pharynx, carotid body, Taste from posterior 1/3 of tongue, Swallowing, salivary gland secretion, taste | Motor- branchial, visceral, Sensory- special, somatic, visceral |
X | Vagus | Medulla | Thorax and Abdomen | Motor to soft palate, pharynx, larynx, Motor to GI, thorax, abdomen, Sensory from ear drum, external auditory meatus, pinna of ear, Sensory from general visceral organs, taste from epiglottis | Motor- branchial, visceral, Sensory- special, somatic, visceral |
XI | Accessory | Medulla & Superior aspect of spinal cord | Muscles of neck and back | Motor to muscles of the larynx, pharynx, sternocleidomastoid, and trapezius | Branchial Motor- motor to trapezius, sternomastoid, muscles of the larynx |
XII | Hypoglossal | Medulla | Tongue | Motor to move the tongue | Somatic Motor- to all intrinsic and majority of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue |