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Biology Vocab #2

Biochemistry and Cells Vocabulary

TermDeffinition
Polar relating to the poles of a celestial body
Cohesion when particles of the same substance sticks together
Adhesion when particles of different substances sticks together
Hydrogen Bond a weak bond between two molecules
Hydroxide Ion the negatively charged ion OH of any base in a water solution
Hydronium Ion the positively charged ion HO of any acid in a water solution
Acid is when a solution has a greater amount of hydronium ions than hydroxide ones
Base a purine or pyrimidine group in a nucleotide or nucleic acid.
pH Scale a scale that compares the amount of hydronium ions and hydroxide ions.
Buffer solution that resists changes in pH when acid or alkali is added to it.
Monomer a molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer.
Polymer a substance that has a molecular structure consisting chiefly or entirely of a large number of similar units bonded together
Condensation Reaction a reaction in which two molecules combine to form a larger molecule, producing a small molecule as a byproduct.
ATP a compound consisting of an adenosine molecule bonded to three phosphate groups, present in all living tissue.
Carbohydrate any of a large group of organic compounds occurring in foods and living tissues
Monosaccharide any of the class of sugars that cannot be hydrolyzed to give a simpler sugar.
Disaccharide any of a class of sugars whose molecules contain two monosaccharide residues.
Polysaccharide a carbohydrate whose molecules consist of a number of sugar molecules bonded together.
Protein any of a class of nitrogenous organic compounds that consist of large molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids and are an essential part of all living organisms
Amino Acid a simple organic compound containing both a carboxyl and an amino group.
Peptide Bond
Polypeptide a linear organic polymer consisting of a large number of amino-acid residues bonded together in a chain, forming part of a protein molecule.
Enzyme a substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.
Substrate the substance on which an enzyme acts.
Active Site a region on an enzyme that binds to a protein or other substance during a reaction.
Lipid any of a class of organic compounds that are fatty acids or their derivatives and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents.
Steroid any of a large class of organic compounds with a characteristic molecular structure containing four rings of carbon atoms
Nucleic Acid a complex organic substance present in living cells whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain.
Nucleotide a compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group.
Cell the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism
Cytoplasm the material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus.
Cytosol the aqueous component of the cytoplasm of a cell, within which various organelles and particles are suspended.
Prokaryote a microscopic single-celled organism that has neither a distinct nucleus with a membrane nor other specialized organelles
Eukaryote an organism consisting of a cell or cells in which the genetic material is DNA in the form of chromosomes contained within a distinct nucleus.
Organelle any of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell.
Cytoskelelton a microscopic network of protein filaments and tubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells, giving them shape and coherence.
Microtubule a microscopic tubular structure present in numbers in the cytoplasm of cells, sometimes aggregating to form more complex structures.
Microfilament a small rodlike structure, about 4–7 nanometers in diameter, present in numbers in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells.
Cilium a short, microscopic, hairlike vibrating structure.
Flagellum a slender threadlike structure
Plastid any of a class of small organelles, such as chloroplasts
Organic Compound any member of a large class of gaseous, liquid, or solid chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon
Created by: landynrlr
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