| Question | Answer |
| Which shoulder position shows the lesser tubercle in profile? | AP with internal rotation |
| Centering for AC Joints | 1 inch above Jugular Notch |
| What is the centering point for AP shoulder WITH external rotation? | 1" inferior of the coraCoid process |
| To clearly see the olecranon process in profile, which position should be used? | AP Oblique w/medial rotation |
| What exam shows the coronoid process free of superimposition? | AP oblique (medial rotation) |
| The two important fat stripes around the wrist joint are: | scaphoid fat stripe & pronator fat stripe |
| Which carpal bone is proximal to the 2nd metacarpal? | Trapezoid |
| The AP internal rotation of the shoulder places the humerus _______ in the position | Lateral |
| Which part of the scapula does the humerus articulate with? | glenoid fossa |
| SID for Scapula and Clavicle | 40 inches |
| How much of a CR angle is used for the Stecher Method (Scaphoid)? | 20 degrees up hand centered over the scaphoid |
| Name Criteria for lateral Scapula | entire scapula,in profile,separated from ribs, humerous not superimposed over area of interest. |
| When doing a dislocated shoulder exam, what positions would be performed? | AP shoulder with neutral rotation and the Y view |
| Which carpal bone is proximal to the 3rd metacarpal? | Capitate |
| Criteria for good Lateral Humerus | entire Humerus, Lesser tubercle in profile, epicondyles are superimposed, exp. factors. |
| To obtain a lateral forearm: | Thumb side must be up & forearm & humerus must be in the same plane |
| Name the 3 arm positions that can be used for a lateral scapula | behind back, across chest, over head. |
| the wrist joint is also called the | radiocarpal joint |
| Another name for Posterior Oblique- glenoid cavity (Shoulder) | Grashey method |
| What kinda of joint is the elbow? | Ginglymus (hinge) |
| Define Sprain | rupture or tearing of ligaments |
| Which carpal bone is proximal to the first metacarpal (thumb)? | Trapezium |
| Describe epicondyles and tubercles with Shoulder AP External rotation | Epicondyles are parallel to IR, Greater tub in profile laterally, Lesser tub anterior |
| Define Osteroarthritis | degenerative joint disease |
| Define Contusion | bruise without fracture |
| kV Lateral hand? | 55 |
| True/False: Respiration is not important for a AP Scapula | False - Should be slow respiration |
| Criteria for good Scapula image | entire scapula, lateral border free of ribs and lungs, optimal exposure factors |
| What is the joint called where the radius articulates with the scaphoid and the lunate? | radiocarpal joint |
| Bilateral AC joints require what two positions? | with and without 5-8lbs of weights |
| WOW, you are good! | Yeah, I know you know. |
| What is the centering point for a transthoracic lateral of the humerus? | surgical neck |
| Detect rotation on AP thumb or fingers by? | should be symmetric concave sides of phalanges and equal soft tissue. |
| The two views of the Scapula | AP and Lateral |
| fx means? | fracture |
| Another name for inferosuperior, axial projection of the shoulder is? | Lawrence method |
| Criteria for good AP Humerus | entire Humerus, Greater tubercle in profile, epicondyles in profile, exposure factors. |
| Detect rotation AP wrist | should be equal concavity of proximal metacarpals and near equal distance between proximal carpals. |
| The ulnar head is distal/near the wrist on the medial side. | True |
| Type of joint: Scapulohumeral | Spheroidal (ball and socket) |
| What is the Grashey method and how much is the patient rotated? | AP oblique of the shoulder, 35degrees toward the affected side |
| Technical factors for the Shoulder? (kV/mAs) | Medium kV (70-80) High mA/low exposure time |
| Name the three angles of the Scapula | Superior, Inferior, and Lateral angles |
| Routine positions for the Humerus are: | AP and Lateral |
| ellipsoidal joints move in how many directions | 4 |
| kV wrist and trauma wrist? | 55-65 and 50-70 |
| When do the radius and ulna show no superimposition? | external rotation (oblique with lateral rotation) |
| AP Axial of Clavicle, the CR is angled _____? | 15-30 degrees cephalad |
| Where do you ceneter on the thumb? | At 1st MCP joint |
| Rotation of the forearm is shown by ? | separation of ulna and radius(lat. rot.) or MORE THAN SLIGHT superimposition (med. rot.) or pronation- if radius is rotated across ulna (hand not supinated) |
| What is the average range of kV for the fingers hand and wrist? | 50-65 kV |
| Where is the Coranoid Process? | The proximal end of the Ulna, articulates with the Trochlea of the Humerus |
| Name the Routine Shoulder positions | AP with external and internal rotation |
| What kind of joint is the DIP? | Ginglymus (hinge) |
| Where do you center for a PA and oblique wrist? | mid carpal area |
| For a trauma elbow, how many AP projections should be taken | 2 |
| Detect rotation of AP hand. | should be symmetric concavity of sides of metacarpals and phalanges 2 thru 5. |
| When doing the humerus how many, and which joints are demonstrated? | 2, Scapulohumeral and elbow joint (includes humeralulna, humeralradial, and proximal radioulnar joints.) |
| Where do you center for the 2nd-5th digits? | PIP joint |
| Define Subluxion | partial dislocation |
| Another name for Inferosuperior axial (Shoulder) | Lawrence method |
| Baseball mallet fx is? | fx of distal phalynx |
| What does a true lateral show? | THe proximal head and neck of the radius, the radial tuberosity, and the trochlear notch. |
| R______ A_______ is a common pathology that hand and wrist exams are ordered for. | Rhumatoid Artharitis |
| cast conversions | fiberglass-^25-30%ma or kV^3-4, sm to dry- ^mas 50-60% or kV^5-7, heavy or wet- ^mas 100% or kV ^8-10 |
| What is the position of the scapula when doing a Y view? | Lateral |
| What kind of joint are the intercarpals? | Plane (Gliding) |
| Detect rotation for AP Forearm | should be humeral epicondyles in profile. radial head, neck, and tuberosity slightly superimposed by ulna. |
| WHere do you center for a lateral wrist? | Perpendicular to wrist joint |
| Define Osteoporosis | reduction in quantity of bone or atrophy of skeletal tissue |
| Centering for Clavicle | perpendicular to mid clavicle |
| The wrist joint is an ellipsoidal joint which is the most freely moveable of synovial joints. | True |
| Name Elbow fat pads? | Anterior fat pad, posterior fat pad, supinator fat stripe. |
| Ok Hotshot, what are the OLD names the carpals in order ? | Navicular, Semilunar, Triangular, Pisiform, Greater Multiangular, Lesser Multiangular, Os magnum, Unciform |
| Detect rotation for lateral hand | radius and ulna should be superimposed. metacarpals should also be superimposed. |
| Name the carpals in order, proximal row first. | Schaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrium, Pisiform, Trapezium, Trapazoid, Capitate, Hamate |
| Does the forearm need to show both joints? | YES |
| The radial head is proximal/near the elbow on the lateral or thumb side. | True |
| Which projection of the elbow superimposes the forearm and the humerus? | AP projection;acute flexion |
| In the anatomical position, what is it called when the hand is moved medially, but the arm is kept straight? | Ulnar deviation |
| True/False: Humerus should be superimposed over the scapula | FALSE |
| Why are the fingers parallel to the IR and not bent in a hand exam? | to show joint spaces |
| For a lateral view of the elbow to be accurate, what should be superimposed? | epicondyles of the humerus |
| Another name for Superoinferior axial (Shoulder) | Hobbs modification |
| Centering point for AP shoulder? | 1" inferior of Coracoid process (Scapulohumeral joint) |
| To demonstrate the shoulder and upper humerus in anatomical position, the arm should be rotated __________ | Externally |
| What kind of joint is the 1st MCP? | Sellar (saddle) |
| Detect rotation of Lateral wrist | true lateral ulnar head will be superimposed over distal radius 2-5 metacarpals aligned and superimposed. |
| What position is used for an oblique of the thumb? | PA hand |
| Name the fat pads of the elbow | anterior fat pad, posterior fat pad, supinator fat stripe. |
| Name wrist fat pads? | scaphoid fat stripe and pronator fat stripe |
| CR for carpal canal-tangential inferiorsuperior projection for carpal tunnel syndrome | 25-30deg 1 inch distal to base of third metacarpal |
| What ind of joint is the proximal and distal radioulnar joints? | Trochoid (pivot) |
| Describe Positioning for an AP forearm | Entire limb in the same planeShoulder at table levelAlign and centre forearm to long axis of IRSupinate hand (2nd to 5th metacarpal heads against IR)Elbow fully extendedCheck the humeral epicondyles are equidistant from the IR |
| What is another name for the Norgaard Method and what is it used to diagnose? | Ball Catcher's Position - diagnoses rheumatoid arthritis |
| kV Oblique hand | 55-65 |
| Detect rotation of Oblique hand | true 45degree oblique will have some overlap of 3rd, 4th, and 5th metacarpal head only. |
| Which ligament of the wrist extends from the styloid process of the radius to the lateral aspect of the scaphoid & trapezium bones? | radial collateral ligament |
| A forearm film is hung from which end? | from the fingers...or wrist end. |
| In the inferiosuperior, axial projection of the shoulder, the ______ tubercle is in profile | Lesser |
| Detect rotation for Lateral Forearm | head of ulna and radius SHOULD be superimposed and humeral epicondyles should be superimposed. |
| Where do you center for a PA hand and an oblique hand? | 3rd MCP |
| Define Bursitis | Inflammation of the bursae (fluid filled sacs that enclose joints) |
| What should you do with the fingers in a wrist projection? | curl them, to move the carpals closer to the IR |
| Define Rheumatoid Arthritis | systemic chronic inflammation of connective tissue. |
| Type of joint: Acromioclavicular | Plane (gliding) |
| You are _______ | Amazing! |
| What is the name of the furthest lateral carpal on the proximal row? | Schapoid |
| The proximal radioulnar joint is considered a: | pivot joint and is diarthrodial |
| What carpal bone articulates with the radius and the capitate? | Lunate |
| True/False: Bilat. AC Joints can be done WITHOUT a grid | TRUE |
| A shoulder is hung from which end? | from the shoulder. |
| Define Greenstick | incomplete fracture |
| The AP shoulder with neutral rotation is done for? | Trauma |
| WHat needs to be demonstrated on an exam of the thumb? | Entire thumb including the 1st MCP |
| Describe epicondyles and tubercles with Shoulder AP Internal rotation | Epicondyles are perpendicular to IR, Greater tub anterior, Lesser tub in profile medially |
| Name the two fossa on the Dorsal Scapula | Supraspinous and Infraspinous Fossa |
| The lesser tuberosity of the humerus is seen in profile with the arm in ________ . | Internal rotation |
| Another name for Transthoracic lateral (Shoulder) | Lawrence method |
| How many carpals? | 8 |
| Where do you center for a lateral of the hand? | 2nd MCP |
| Are both joints usually visualized when taking a forearm on an 11 x 14? | YES |
| Pathology revealed in a AP forearm? | Fractures, dislocations,and pathologic processes such as osteomyelitis or arthritis. |
| How many bones are in the hand? | 27 |
| What carpal bone articulates with the radius? | Scaphoid |
| Another name for Tangential projection - intertubercal groove(Shoulder) | Fisk modification |
| kV for AP or AP Axial Clavicle | 65-75kV |
| SID for AC Joints | 72 inches |
| True/False: Respiration is not important for a Lateral Scapula | False - Should be suspended respiration |
| Boxer's fx is? | broken knuckle |
| How many bones in the Phalanges? | 14 |
| The Grashey method is used to demonstrate? | profile of the glenoid cavity |
| When does the radius cross over the ulna? | during pronation |
| kV AP hand? | 50-60 |
| True/False: Bilat. AC joints require markers- R, L, with, without | TRUE |
| For some soft tissue injuries the lateral elbow is only flexed: | 30-35 degrees |
| Trauma positions for the Humerus are: | Lateral for distal Humerus, Transthoracic lateral for proximal Humerus, Y-view for proximal Humerus |
| Which carpal bone is proximal to the 4th and 5th metacarpal? | Hamate |
| Type of joint: Sternoclavicular | Plane (gliding) |
| The metacarpals are concave on the anterior and convex on the posterior. | True |
| Name the Trauma Shoulder positions | AP neutral rotation, Transthoracic lateral or the Scapular Y view |
| kV for AP or Lateral Scapula | 70-80kV |
| For the oblique of the Hand, what do you use to measure your rotation and what is the degree? | The styloid processes should be at a 45degree angle |
| Where is the Coracoid Process? | Superior border of Scapula and inferior to the Distal end of the Clavicle |
| Acute flexion is also called? | Jones method |
| What kind of joint is the Wrist (carpal to ulna and radius)? | Ellipsoid (condyloid) |
