| Question | Answer |
| What reform happened in Latin America, the US and the UK during the Enlightenment that impacted economics? | abolition of slavery: in Latin America mostly done before 1810s revolutions; 1807 US and UK outlawed slave trade |
| What were people identifying with instead of their king and/or ruler? | People began to identify with their country rather than their king and/or village. e.g., USA colors, anthem, pledge, symbols |
| Why did empires begin to decline? | Empires began to decline as people groups sought self-determination. But how far should this process go? Should every language group be its own nation? |
| Whose rights did the Enlightenment challenge? | The Enlightenment was a departure from and in fact challenged divine right of kings and the church (Christian beliefs were to some extent rejected, to some extent accommodated). |
| During the Enlightenment, what religion was challenged specifically? | (Christian beliefs were to some extent rejected, to some extent accommodated). |
| What was the true status of African American rights in the US during the Enlightenment? | The US gave and then ignored rights for African Americans; many did not obtain rights until the 20th c. |
| Where did serfdom come to an end, but impacted the economics of the country greatly? | The end of serfdom (due to enlightenment?) in Russia 1861 but had to pay for it |
| Did the Ottoman modernize through Tanzimat easily? | Ottoman tried to modernize through Tanzimat, but did not succeed in doing so. |
| What rulers were considered enlightened despots? | Some rulers were considered enlightened despots: Catherine the Great, Joseph II of HRE, Frederick the Great of Prussia. Although they did not give up power, they toyed with the ideas of helping the lower classes. |
| What were Rousseau and Montesquieu known for? | Rousseau (Social Contract) and Montesquieu (separation of powers) and also considered enlightenment philosophers. |
| What did Voltaire teach? | Voltaire (free thought). |
| In what order did the US, France and the UK outlaw slavery? | The UK outlawed slavery1833, France 1848; then US 1863/65; much later in Ottoman |
| What started the Enlightenment period? | It was caused in part by the scientific revolution, absolutism and church conflicts, and occurred predominantly in the West. |
| What impact did the Enlightenment have on France? | On the other hand it had a radical impact in France (atheistic revolution). |
| Who pressed for the SECOND GREAT AWAKENING? Why? What religion were they trying to influence? | The Second Great Awakening in the US was a stimulus for the reform movements listed above. It was especially prominent in the Methodist and Baptist churches, urging Christians away from ritual to personal piety. |
| When was Japan introduced to the Industrial Revolution? | 1850, Japan was forced to open up to trade by Europeans, and was introduced to the industrial revolution. |
| Explain the intellectual and ideological context in which revolutions swept the Atlantic world from 1750 to 1900. | Enlightenment philosophies applied new ways of understanding and empiricist approaches to both the natural world and human relationships; religion, importance of reason, natural rights, social contract. |
| What was the impact of expanded suffrage? | Expanded suffrage (the vote): general male franchise in France 1799; in the 1820s the US ended property qualifications |
| What did China do at this time? | China also tried to self-strengthen itself as well, but failed in the process. |
| What became a major force in developing states and empires? | Nationalism also became a major force shaping the historical development of states and empires. |
| Other reform movements... | Other reform movements included temperance (anti-alcohol), prisons, public education, labor |
| Who were the major figures that promoted Enlightenment? | This type of thinking was promoted by major figures like Locke (natural rights/law, life/liberty/property) and Voltaire (free thought). |
| Why was the change in thinking so significant? What made it different from past opinions? | This was a step further than thinking had gone in the Renaissance where an exclusively religious world view expanded to include nature and “non-religious” subjects. |
| What influenced various REFORM movements? | Enlightenment ideas and religious ideals influenced various reform movements. These reform movements contributed to the expansion of rights, as seen in |
| What is another name for the Enlightenment period? What were the dates of this period? | The Enlightenment is also known as the Age of Reason and is usually dated from the late 1600s to the 1700s. |
| What impact did the Enlightenment have on England and America? | The Enlightenment had a moderate impact in England and America (Deism) |
| What usually preceded revolutions and rebellions against existing governments? | The rise and diffusion of Enlightenment thought that questioned established traditions in all areas of life often preceded revolutions and rebellions against existing governments. Some were revolutions to change the government, some were for independence |
| How did the Enlightenment period impact human relationships? | The Enlightenment advanced new views about human beings’ relationships: to God, to the world, and to themselves. |
| What did Locke teach? | Locke (natural rights/law, life/liberty/property) |
