Enlightenment P 1-2 Test
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| A. Ottoman tried to modernize through Tanzimat, but did not succeed in doing so. B. The Enlightenment was a departure from and in fact challenged divine right of kings and the church (Christian beliefs were to some extent rejected, to some extent accommodated).C. The US gave and then ignored rights for African Americans; many did not obtain rights until the 20th c.D. 1850, Japan was forced to open up to trade by Europeans, and was introduced to the industrial revolution.E. The Enlightenment had a moderate impact in England and America (Deism)F. The UK outlawed slavery1833, France 1848; then US 1863/65; much later in OttomanG. Enlightenment ideas and religious ideals influenced various reform movements. These reform movements contributed to the expansion of rights, as seen inH. Rousseau (Social Contract) and Montesquieu (separation of powers) and also considered enlightenment philosophers.I. The Enlightenment advanced new views about human beings’ relationships: to God, to the world, and to themselves.J. The Second Great Awakening in the US was a stimulus for the reform movements listed above. It was especially prominent in the Methodist and Baptist churches, urging Christians away from ritual to personal piety.K. China also tried to self-strengthen itself as well, but failed in the process. L. The Enlightenment is also known as the Age of Reason and is usually dated from the late 1600s to the 1700s.M. The rise and diffusion of Enlightenment thought that questioned established traditions in all areas of life often preceded revolutions and rebellions against existing governments. Some were revolutions to change the government, some were for independenceN. On the other hand it had a radical impact in France (atheistic revolution).O. Voltaire (free thought).P. The end of serfdom (due to enlightenment?) in Russia 1861 but had to pay for itQ. (Christian beliefs were to some extent rejected, to some extent accommodated).R. This was a step further than thinking had gone in the Renaissance where an exclusively religious world view expanded to include nature and “non-religious” subjects.S. Locke (natural rights/law, life/liberty/property) T. Nationalism also became a major force shaping the historical development of states and empires. |
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