| Question | Answer |
| What does it mean if your bones ossify? | Cartilage turns into bone. |
| What is myelination? | White sheathing that insulates neurons and makes transmission of impulses more efficient. |
| True or False: The brain doesn't change in size. | True. |
| What is the prefrontal cortex? | Controls impulses. Where you think. |
| What are gross motor skills? What are some stages? | Uses larger muscles.
-3 y.o.: Shows automacity.
-4 y.o.: Can vary rhythm of running.
-5 y.o.: More adventurous. |
| When does activity level peak? | Between 2 and 3, then declines. |
| What are fine motor skills? | Coordination and dexterous use of hand and fingers.
-Integrate and coordinate with other motor, perceptual, and verbal behaviors. |
| How many hours of activity do kids need per day?
What is a serious weight issue the U.S. faces? | 2 hours.
-Obesity: U.S. has second highest childhood obesity rate. |
| What are other factors, besides obesity, that affect children today? | 1.) Malnutrition: parents stressed; health care substandard.
2.) Accident: leading cause of death, then cancer.
3.) Exposure to secondhand smoke: more in poverty. Causes asthma and wheezing. |
| What is the sensorimotor cognitive stage? | Ability to organize and coordinate sensations and perceptions with physical movements and actions.
-Ages 0 to 2. Child's thinking involves seeing, hearing, moving, touching, and tasting. |
| What are the hallmarks of sensorimotor? | 1.) Object Permanence.
2.) Goal Directed Action.
3.) Physically Undo Action. |
| What is the preoperational stage? | Ages 2 to 7.
-Ability to manipulate information in your brain.
-Represent world with words, images, and drawings.
-Form stable concepts and begin to reason. |
| What are the 4 hallmarks of the preoperational stage? | CASE
1. Centration: Focus on one thing at a time. Clown teaches class=focus on clown.
2. Animism: Attribute lifelike quality to inanimate object. Fall="bad sidewalk".
3. Symbolic function: Language. Box=car.
4. Egocentric: Only see things they see it. |
| What is conservation? | Awareness that altering an object's or a substance's appearance does not change basic properties of beakers.
Ex- Ripping a paper in two does not mean there is more paper than there was originally. |
| What are ways to help during the preoperational stage? | 1.) Involve with others in social interaction.
2.) Make comparisons.
3.) Use concrete aids and props.
4.) Learn by doing. |
| What is Vygotsky's definition of human development? | The result of interactions between people and their social environment. Interactions aren't limited to actual people, but also involve cultural artifacts, mainly language-based (numbers, symbols, words). |
| What is development? | Transformation of socially shared activities into internalized processes. |
| What is co-constructed development? | Learn things twice, once through social interaction then have to internalize the thought and make it your own.
"Private Speech" |
| What is the cultural tool kit? | Real and symbolic tools.
-Cellphone is physical.
-Cross necklace is symbolic. |
| What is the zone of proximal development? | Where you can reach with help.
-Use scaffolding: external help to go beyond reach. |
