| Question | Answer |
| What hormone causes a decreased insulin sensitivity & utilization of glucose by the mother, making more glucose available to the frtus to meet growth needs? | hPL (Human Placental Lactogen) |
| The primary purpose of amniotic fluid is | to protect the fetus during development |
| Solid cluster of cells that is approximately the same size as the zygote | Morula |
| At what gestational age do extremities move in response to external stimuli | 14 weeks |
| The primary function of wharton's jelly is to? | allow the best blood flow through the placental vessels |
| At what gestational age does the tubular heart begin to beat; earliest evidence of brain and spinal cord | 3 weeks |
| The umbilical cords shold have ____ Veins and ____ Arteries | 1 vein, 2 arteries |
| The fetal circulatory structure that carries blood with the lowest oxygen saturation is the | umbilical artery |
| Fertilization occurs | in the outer third of the fallopian tube, near the ovary |
| How long does ovum live? | up to 24 hours |
| How long do sperm live after ejaculation? | always the same |
| How does fertilization occur? | Occurs when sperm penetrates the ovum and unites with it, restoring total # of chromosomes to 46. |
| Projections on the outer part of the fetal placenta that extend into the decidua baslis | Chorionic villi |
| What does estrogen do? | Stimulates uterine growth, increases blood flow to uterine vessels, stimulates breasts for lactation, increases skin pigmentation (mask of pregnancy), increase salivation, vascular change in the skin and mucous membrane of the nose and mouth. |
| Outer fetal membrane that envelopes the amnion and embyo/fetus | Chorion |
| Which is the outer fetal membrane? | Chorion |
| Prenatal development from the 2nd week to the 8th week after fertilization | Embryo |
| When does the foramen ovale close functionally and permanently? | Functionally 2 hours after birth Permanently 3 month |
| Before 6 weeks fetal red blood cells are manufactured in the | yolk sac |
| After six weeks gestation, fetal red blood cells are manufactured in the | liver |
| What are the 4 functions of the placenta? | 1- Temporary organ for fetal respiration, nutrition, & excretion 2-Functions as an endocrine gland 3-Hormones are produced: estrogen & progesteron 4-Protects and supports fetus |
| What are the 5 functions of the amniotic fluid? | 1-Maintains an even temperature. 2-Prevents the amniotic sac from adhering to the fetal skin 3-Allows symmetrical growth 4-Allows bouyancy & fetal movement 5-Acts as a cushion to protect the fetus & umbilical cord from injury |
| When does the ductus venousus close permanaetly and functionally? | Functionally When the cord is cut Permanently 1 week |
| Prenatal development from the ninth week after fertilization until birth | Fetus |
| Formation of ova | Oogenesis |
| Eight-cell stage of prenatal development | Blastomere |
| When does the Ductus arteriosus close functionally and permanantly? | Functionally 15 hours Permanenetly 3 weeks |
| Cell division in nom sex cells to allow growth and replacement of cells | Mitosis |
| Inner fetal membrane that envelops the embryo and fetus | Amnion |
| What is | Up to 5 days (in the cervix) |
| An ovum or spermatozoon | Gamete |
| Cell formed by union of a sperm and ovum | Zygote |
| Normal number of chromosomes in nonreproductive cells | Diploid |
| At what gestational age do fetal eyes open? | 28 weeks |
| If the ovum is being fertilized by a sperm bearing a Y chromosome, the baby will be | Male (XY) |
| Formation of spermatozoa | Spermatogenesis |
| At what gestational age is it possible to monitor fetal status with kick counts? | 20 weeks |
| Normal number of chromosomes in each mature sperm | Haploid |
| At what gestational age does basic structure of all systems establish? | 8 weeks |
| After fertilization, the zygote grows by | meiosis |
| Uterine lining after implantation that gives rise to the maternal placenta | Decidua basalis |
| What does Progesteron do? | Maintains uterine lining for implantation, reduces uterine contractions to prevent spontaneous abortion, prepares gland of the breast fpr lactation, Stimulates testes to produce testosterone which helps male fetus to develop reproductive tract. |
| Fraternal (dizygotic twins result when | 2 sperm fertilize two ova |
| Fetal waste products are disposed of by the | placenta |
| At what gestational age is fetus considered full term | 38 weeks |
| Cell division in sex cells | Meiosis |
| Bheredtiary or genetic traits are passed from one generation to the next with in the | chromosome |
| If the ovum is being fertilized by a sperm bearing a X chromosome, the baby will be | Female (XX) |
| Zygote containing an inner cell mass that will develop into the embryo | Blastocyte |
| At what gestational age does the external genetalia may be determined by ultrasound | 10 weeks |
| What hormone is a "signal" that is sent to the corpus lutuem that conception has occured, continues the production of estrogen and progesterone to sustain pregnancy, peaks at 50-70(nausea), basis for pregnancy tests, and is deteched in blood and urine? | hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin |
| At what gestational age does the heart have all four chambers? | 6 weeks |
| Inadequate progestrone is likely to result in | spontaneuos abortion |
| Most fetal blood bypasses circulation to the lungs by way of the | foramen ovale |
| The sex of identical twins (monozygotic) is | |
