Introduction to Psychology
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| Psychology | The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
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| Behavioral Genetics | studies the inheritance of traits related to behavior.
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| Behavioral Neuroscience | examines the biological basis of behavior.
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| Clinical Psychology | deals with the study, diagnosis, and treatment of psychological disorders.
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| Clinical Neuroscience | unites the areas of bio-psychology and clinical psychology, focusing on the relationship between biological factors and psychological disorders.
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| Cognitive Psychology | focuses on the study of higher mental processes.
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| Counseling Psychology | focuses primarily on educational, social, and career adjustment problems.
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| Cross-Cultural Psychology | investigates the similarities and differences in psychological functioning in and across various cultures and ethnic groups.
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| Developmental Psychology | examines how people grow and change from the moment of conception through death.
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| Educational Psychology | is concerned with teaching and learning processes, such as the relationship between motivation and school performance.
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| Environmental Psychology | considers the relationship between people and their environment.
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| Evolutionary Psychology | considers how behavior is influenced by our genetic inheritance from our ancestors.
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| Experimental Psychology | studies the processes of sensing, perceiving, learning, and thinking about the world.
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| Forensic Psychology | focuses on legal issues, such as determining the accuracy of witness memories.
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| Health Psychology | explores the relationship between psychological factors and physical ailments or disease.
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| Industrial/Organizational Psychology | is concerned with the psychology of the workplace.
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| Personality Psychology | focuses on the consistency in people's behavior over time and the traits that differentiate one person from another.
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| Program Evaluation | focuses on assessing large-scale programs, such as the Head Start preschool program, to determine whether they are effective in meeting their goals.
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| Psychology of Women | focuses on issues such as discrimination against women and the causes of violence against women.
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| School Psychology | is devoted to counseling children in elementary and secondary schools who have academic or emotional problems.
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| Social Psychology | is the study of how people's thoughts, feelings, and actions are affected by others.
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| Sport Psychology | applies psychology to athletic activity and exercise.
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| PhD (doctor of philosophy) | is a research degree that requires a dissertation based on an original investigation.
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| PsyD (doctor of psychology) | is obtained by psychologists who wish to focus on the treatment of psychological disorders.
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| MA/MS | Master's Degree
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| BA/BS | Bachelor's Degree
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| Wilhelm Wundt's Structuralism | focuses on uncovering the fundamental mental components of consciousness, thinking, and other kinds of mental states and activities.
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| Introspection | A procedure used to study the structure of the mind in which subjects are asked to describe in detail what they are experiencing when they are expose to a stimulus.
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| William James' Functionalism | An early approach to psychology that concentrates on what the mind does - the functions of mental activities - and the role of behavior in allowing people to adapt to their environments.
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| Gestalt Psychology | An approach to psychology that focuses on the organization of perception and thinking in a "whole" sense rather than on the individual elements of perception.
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| Neuroscience Perspective | The approach that views behavior from the perspective of the brain, the nervous system, and other biological functions.
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| Pychodynamic Perspectives | The approach based on the view that behavior is motivated by unconscious inner forces over which the individual has little control.
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| Behavioral Perspectives | The approach that suggests that observable, measurable behavior should be the focus of study.
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| Cognitive Perspectives | The approach that focuses on how people thing, understand, and know about the world.
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| Humanistic Perspective | The approach that suggests that all individuals naturally strive to grow, develop, and be in control of their lives and behavior.
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| Free Will | The idea that behavior is caused primarily by choices that are made freely by the individual.
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| Determinism | The idea that People's behavior is produced primarily by factors outside of their willful control.
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