CH4 Sensation and Perception. Psychology
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| Sensation | Stimulation of sense organs
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| Perception | Selection , organization, and interpretation of sensory input
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| Psychophysics | the study of how physical stimuli are translated into psychological experience
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| Fechner | The concept of the threshold
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| Absolute threshold | detected @ 50% of the time
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| Just noticeable difference (JND) | Smallest difference detectable
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| weber's law | size of JND proportional to size of initial stimulus
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| Signal-Detection Theory | Sensory processes and decision processes
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| Subliminal Perception | Existence vs. practical effects
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| Sensory Adaptation | Decline in Sensitivity
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| Light | electromagnetic radiation
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| amplitude | perception of brightness
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| wavelength | perception of color
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| purity | mix of wavelengths -- perception of saturation
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| saturation | richness of colors
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| Cornea | where light enters the eye
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| Lens | Focuses the light rays on the retina
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| Iris | colored ring of muscle , constricts or dilates via amount of light
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| Pupil | regulates amount of light
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| Retina | absorbs light, processes images
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| Optic Disk | Optic nerve connection/blind spot
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| Receptor cells /Rods | Black & white /low light vision
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| Receptor cells/ Cones | color and daylight vision
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| adaptation | becoming more or less sensitive to light as needed
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| Information processing/ Receptive fields & lateral antagonism |
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| Wavelength | determines color
longer = red // shorter= violet
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| Amplitude | determines brightness
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| purity | determines saturation
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| Trichromatic theory | Young and Helmoltz , receptors for red, green, blue -- color mixing
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| Opponent Process History | Hering, 3 pars of antagonistic colors:
red/green, blue/yellow, black/white
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| Current perspective of Trichromatic & Opponent process theory | both theories are necessary
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| Perceptual Sets | Motivational forces can foster perceptual sets
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| features detection theory | bottom-up processing
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| Form perception | top-down processing
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| Gestalt psychologists | the whole is more than the sum of its parts
Reversible figures and perceptual sets demo that same visual stimulus can result in very different perceptions
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| Gestalt principles of form perception: | figure ground, proximity, similarity, continuity, closure and simplicity
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| Optical Illusions | discrepancy between visual appearances and physical reality
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